Table 3. Malnutrition terms and measurements tools.

	Anorexia and limited food intake	Pre-cachexia and cachexia	Sarcopenia
Description	Food intake falls as a result of: • Altered appetite signals from tumor or its treatment • Physical issues that limit food intake	Weight loss worsens as: • Inflammatory cytokines drive catabolism, increasing metabolic needs • Nutrient intake continues to fall	Cachexia and anorexia can lead to sarcopenia: • Body fat reserves may become depleted • Lean body mass is lost • Physical function declines
Nutrition tools used in PreMIO study:
• Malnutrition screening	Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
• Nutrition assessment	VAS – patient-reported intake	CRP above upper limit of normal
	FAACT – patient perception of signs, symptoms of anorexia/cachexia
		Weight loss >5% during prior 6 months (or > 2% for patients with low BMI or sarcopenia)

FAACT, Functional Assessment of Anorexia-Cachexia Therapy (questionnaire); VAS, visual analog scale of appetite; (questionnaire); CRP, C-reactive protein; BMI, body mass index.