Table 3.
Studies of yield of activation-related epileptiform abnormalities
| Author | Age range | Source population | Type of population | Yield due to activation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current study | All ages (≥1 year) |
Population based. All subjects with incident epilepsy in Rochester within study period (1960–1994) |
Incident | 1st EEG: Sleep: 16.4% Photic stimulation: 5.1% Hyperventilation: 7.9% |
| Shinnar et al, 1994 (Shinnar et al., 1994) | Children (1 month–19 years) |
Prospective, first unprovoked afebrile seizure examined at centers in the Bronx between 1983–1990 |
Incident | Sleep: 4.1% |
| Carpay et al, 1997 (Carpay et al., 1997) | Children (1 month–16 years) |
Prospective, idiopathic or remote symptomatic single unprovoked seizure or epilepsy seen at a center between 1988–1992 |
Incident | Sleep deprived: 19.8% |
| Pratt et al, 1968 (Pratt et al., 1968) | All ages (mostly young adults) |
Consecutive patients with epilepsy with non- epileptiform routine awake EEG |
Prevalent | Sleep: 11.4% |
| Degen and Degen, 1983 (Degen et al., 1983) | Adults (≥15 years) | Patients with atypical absences whose routine EEG was non- epileptiform |
Prevalent | Sleep deprived: 21.9% |
| Degen, 1980 (Degen, 1980) | All ages | Subjects with epilepsy. Sleep deprived EEGs recorded at an EEG center in 1974 |
Prevalent | Sleep: 19.6% |
| Herrlin, 1954 (Herrlin, 1954) | Children (<15 years) | Series with epilepsy and photic stimulation from an EEG laboratory (Sept 1949–Nov 1953) |
Prevalent | Photic stimulation: 11% |
| Roy et al, 2003 (Roy et al., 2003) | Children (8–20 years) | Series of patients with epilepsy | Prevalent | Photic stimulation: 3% |
| Wolf and Gooses, 1986 (Wolf et al., 1986) | All ages | Series of patients with epilepsy at an EEG laboratory (Jan 1974 – May1982) |
Prevalent | Photic stimulation: 9.9% |
| Holmes et al, 2004 (Holmes et al., 2004) | 10–64 years | Consecutive patients with epilepsy | Prevalent | Hyperventilation: 4.6% |
| Gabor and Marsan, 1969 (Gabor et al., 1969) | All ages (not specified) |
Retrospective series of patients with focal epilepsy. Cases focal and bilaterally epileptiform discharges Controls unilateral discharges |
Prevalent | Sleep: 14.3% cases; about 12% controls Photic stimulation: 14.3 % cases; none in controls Hyperventilation:31.4 cases; 6% controls |
| Miley and Forster, 1977 (Miley et al., 1977) | All ages (not specified) |
Series of patients with complex partial epilepsy between 1971– 1975 |
Prevalent | Hyperventilation: 11% |