Table 1.
The baseline characteristics of the enrolled patients (n = 510)
| Factors | Monotherapy group n = 282 |
Combination therapy group n = 228 |
P value | Missing value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival at day 28 (%) | ||||
| No | 81 (28.7) | 51 (22.4) | 0.127 | 0 |
| Yes | 201 (71.3) | 177 (77.6) | ||
| Age (mean [SD]) | 71.7 (14.7) | 72.3 (15.6) | 0.663 | 0 |
| Sex (%) | ||||
| Female | 115 (40.8) | 88 (38.6) | 0.682 | 0 |
| Male | 167 (59.2) | 140 (61.4) | ||
| Infection focus (n, %) | ||||
| Respiratory system | 91 (32.3) | 60 (26.3) | 0.172 | 0 |
| Gastrointestinal system | 69 (24.5) | 66 (28.9) | 0.268 | 0 |
| Biliary system | 35 (12.4) | 28 (12.3) | 1.000 | 0 |
| Urinary system | 36 (12.8) | 39 (17.1) | 0.208 | 0 |
| Musculoskeletal | 17 (6.0) | 7 (3.1) | 0.142 | 0 |
| Skin and soft tissue | 10 (3.5) | 7 (3.1) | 0.809 | 0 |
| Central nerve system | 2 (0.7) | 2 (0.9) | 1.000 | 0 |
| Other | 13 (4.6) | 15 (6.6) | 0.337 | 0 |
| Unknown | 35 (12.4) | 20 (8.8) | 0.199 | 0 |
| Surgical intervention | 23 (8.2) | 34 (14.9) | 0.023 | 0 |
| Non-surgical drainage# | 5 (1.8) | 10 (4.4) | 0.113 | 0 |
| Baseline SOFA score median [25, 75%] | ||||
| Total SOFA | 10.0 [7.0, 13.0] | 11.0 [8.0, 13.0] | 0.062 | 120 |
| Coagulation | 2.0 [1.0, 3.0] | 2.0 [1.0, 3.0] | 0.402 | 15 |
| Hepatic | 0.0 [0.0, 2.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 0.020 | 33 |
| Cardiovascular | 2.0 [0.0, 4.0] | 3.0 [0.3, 4.0] | 0.001 | 19 |
| CNS system | 2.0 [0.0, 3.0] | 2.0 [1.0, 3.0] | 0.312 | 60 |
| Renal system | 1.0 [0.0, 2.0] | 1.0 [0.0, 2.0] | 0.140 | 21 |
| Respiratory system | 2.0 [1.0, 3.0] | 2.0 [1.0, 3.0] | 0.038 | 88 |
| Baseline DIC score median [25, 75%] | ||||
| Total DIC score | 5.0 [4.0, 6.0] | 5.0 [4.0, 7.0] | 0.039 | 29 |
| SIRS score (n, %) | ||||
| 0 point | 130 (46.4) | 77 (34.4) | ||
| 1 point | 150 (53.6) | 147 (65.6) | 0.006 | 6 |
| Platelet score | 3.0 [1.0, 3.0] | 3.0 [1.0, 3.0] | 0.182 | 1 |
| FDP score | 3.0 [1.0, 3.0] | 3.0 [1.0, 3.0] | 0.242 | 14 |
| PT ratio score (n, %) | ||||
| 0 point | 53 (19.9) | 33 (14.5) | ||
| 1 point | 214 (80.1) | 195 (85.5) | 0.123 | 15 |
| Baseline laboratory score median (SD) | ||||
| Platelet count (× 109/L) | 99.5 (77.6) | 89.6 (68.1) | 0.130 | 1 |
| FDP (μg/mL) | 56.6 (150.3) | 48.8 (66.7) | 0.526 | 110 |
| D-dimer (μg/mL) | 26.8 (46.7) | 19.7 (29.1) | 0.053 | 121 |
| PT ratio | 1.97 (6.08) | 1.55 (0.52) | 0.298 | 15 |
| Antithrombin activity (%) | 49.6 (13.8) | 47.3 (12.7) | 0.058 | 17 |
The data were shown as mean (standard deviation; SD) or median [25th percentile, 75th percentile]
As the SIRS score and the PT ratio score were composed of binary data, Fisher’s exact test was performed
Non-surgical interventions are as follows: percutaneous transcatheter abscess drainage, urinary tract stenting, biliary tract stenting
n number, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, CNS central nervous system, DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation, SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome, FDP fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products, PT prothrombin time
# For the selection of covariates, a variance inflation factor (VIF) was calculated and the covariates with VIF ≧ 5 were excluded. Finally, age, sex, baseline SOFA score, baseline DIC score, and antithrombin activityused were selected.