Table 2.
The baseline characteristics of the patients after propensity score matching (n = 258)
| Factors | Monotherapy group n = 129 |
Combination therapy group n = 129 |
P value | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 73.3 (12.0) | 73.8 (11.5) | 0.723 | 0.044a |
| Sex (n, %) | ||||
| Female | 54 (41.9) | 52 (40.3) | 0.899 | 0.064a |
| Male | 75 (58.1) | 77 (59.7) | ||
| Infection focus (n, %) | ||||
| Respiratory system | 58 (45.0) | 38 (29.5) | 0.014 | 0.160 |
| Gastrointestinal system | 22 (17.1) | 34 (26.4) | 0.096 | 0.113 |
| Biliary system | 19 (14.7) | 15 (11.6) | 0.581 | 0.046 |
| Urinary system | 12 (9.3) | 23 (17.8) | 0.068 | 0.125 |
| Musculoskeletal | 8 (6.2) | 4 (3.1) | 0.376 | 0.074 |
| Skin and soft tissue | 5 (3.9) | 3 (2.3) | 0.722 | 0.045 |
| Central nerve system | 0 | 1 (0.8) | 1.000 | 0.062 |
| Others | 3 (2.3) | 8 (6.2) | 0.216 | 0.096 |
| Unknown | 14 (10.9) | 12 (9.3) | 0.837 | 0.026 |
| Surgical intervention | 8 (6.2) | 19 (14.7) | 0.040 | 0.139 |
| Non-surgical drainage# | 1 (0.8) | 4 (3.1) | 0.370 | 0.084 |
| Baseline SOFA score median [25, 75%] | ||||
| Total SOFA | 10.7 [2.0, 22.0] | 10.8 [3.0, 19.0] | 0.849a | 0.025a |
| Hepatic | 1.0 [0.0, 3.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 3.0] | 0.015 | 0.182 |
| Cardiovascular | 3.0 [0.0, 4.0] | 3.0 [0.0, 4.0] | 0.266 | 0.151 |
| CNS system | 2.0 [0.0, 4.0] | 2.0 [0.0, 4.0] | 0.678 | 0.026 |
| Renal system | 1.0 [0.0, 4.0] | 1.0 [0.0, 4.0] | 0.656 | 0.028 |
| Respiratory system | 2.0 [0.0, 4.0] | 2.0 [0.0, 4.0] | 0.266 | 0.069 |
| Baseline DIC score Median [25, 75%] | ||||
| Total DIC score | 5.7 [2.0, 8.0] | 5.7 [2.0, 8.0] | 0.935a | 0.013a |
| SIRS score (n, %) | ||||
| 0 point | 51 (39.5) | 37 (28.7) | ||
| 1 point | 78 (60.5) | 92 (71.3) | 0.088 | 0.114 |
| Platelet score | 3.0 [0.0, 3.0] | 3.0 [0.0, 3.0] | 0.778 | 0.048 |
| FDP score | 3.0 [0.0, 3.0] | 3.0 [0.0, 3.0] | 0.829 | 0.105 |
| PT ratio score (n, %) | ||||
| 0 point | 15 (11.6) | 21 (16.3) | ||
| 1 point | 114 (88.4) | 108 (83.7) | 0.369 | 0.067 |
| Baseline laboratory score mean (SD) | ||||
| Platelet count (× 109/L) | 8.60 (6.29) | 8.47 (5.04) | 0.853 | 0.023 |
| FDP (μg/mL) | 73.9 (191.1) | 51.11 (73.35) | 0.206 | 0.158 |
| D-dimer (μg/mL) | 28.3 (48.9) | 21.1 (24.3) | 0.166 | 0.185 |
| PT ratio | 2.42 (8.68) | 1.50 (0.41) | 0.232 | 0.150 |
| Antithrombin activity (%) | 45.6 (14.1) | 47.7 (11.7) | 0.928 | 0.011a |
# For the selection of covariates, a variance inflation factor (VIF) was calculated and the covariates with VIF ≧ 5 were excluded. Finally, age, sex, baseline SOFA score, baseline DIC score, and antithrombin activityused were selected.
aConfounding covariates used by the propensity score (age, sex, baseline SOFA score, baseline DIC score, and antithrombin activity)
Non-surgical interventions are as follows: percutaneous transcatheter abscess drainage, urinary tract stenting, biliary tract stenting
When the basic assumptions of Student’s t test were satisfied, data were shown mean (standard deviation) and the effect size was calculated using Cohen’s d. When the basic assumptions of Student’s t test were not satisfied, Mann–Whitney U test was performed and data were shown median [25 percentiles, 75 percentiles]. And the effect size was calculated using the following formula, Z-scores/a square root of sample number. For two-by-two contingency table, phi coefficient was used
n number, SD standard deviation, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation