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. 2017 Nov 2;7:14978. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14990-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Acriflavine (ACF) downregulates the expression of HIF-1a and its downstream target genes in vivo. (A) VEGF and PGK-1 as well as HIF-1a expression were significantly reduced in the brain extracts of the rats treated with 25% ACF wafers compared to the untreated rats (control) (P 0.05) Means ± SE is plotted (n = 4), *P < 0.05. (B) Representative immunofluorescence images show no detectable VEGF expression in brain samples of animals treated with local ACF vs positive VEGF signal expressed around vessels of untreated tumor brains. At 15 days after tumor implantation, brain samples of rats treated locally with 25% ACF wafer were stained in the tumor region, on the left of corpus callosum for VEGF (red) and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; blue). (Scale bar = 0.2 mm, Magnification, 20x).