Table 4.
Mean carotid intima‐media thickness in different glucose groups by demographic characteristics
| Characteristics | Normal | IFG | DM | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | P | Mean (SD) | P | Mean (SD) | P | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Men | 57.90 (9.05) | <0.001 | 58.85 (10.22) | 0.003 | 59.61 (9.19) | <0.001 |
| Women | 55.13 (8.24) | 56.42 (8.53) | 56.97 (7.94) | |||
| Age group | ||||||
| 45–54 years | 53.14 (7.42) | <0.001 | 54.84 (8.10) | <0.001 | 55.57 (7.89) | 0.002 |
| 55–64 years | 56.73 (8.30) | 57.46 (9.52) | 58.51 (8.35) | |||
| 65–74 years | 59.39 (9.14) | 58.63 (9.96) | 59.09 (9.39) | |||
| ≥75 years | 61.17 (9.69) | 61.75 (8.64) | 59.51 (7.68) | |||
| Education | ||||||
| 0 years | 57.98 (9.05) | <0.001 | 60.34 (12.03) | 0.001 | 58.07 (7.94) | 0.026 |
| 1–6 years | 56.93 (8.64) | 57.33 (8.88) | 58.95 (9.19) | |||
| >6 years | 54.79 (8.35) | 56.22 (8.05) | 56.64 (7.80) | |||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never smoking | 55.74 (8.39) | 0.006 | 57.01 (8.92) | 0.113 | 57.51 (8.58) | 0.014 |
| Ever smoking | 57.21 (9.31) | 58.83 (9.54) | 57.67 (6.78) | |||
| Current smoking | 57.93 (9.36) | 58.92 (10.77) | 60.31 (8.62) | |||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| Never drinking | 56.02 (8.57) | 0.006 | 57.06 (8.81) | 0.013 | 57.38 (8.07) | <0.001 |
| Ever drinking | 57.58 (6.57) | 54.04 (7.51) | 68.00 (11.42) | |||
| Current drinking | 57.52 (9.36) | 60.12 (11.80) | 61.02 (9.84) | |||
| Hypertension | ||||||
| Yes | 57.63 (8.77) | <0.001 | 58.28 (9.94) | <0.001 | 58.53 (8.49) | 0.003 |
| No | 53.86 (8.00) | 54.88 (6.60) | 55.55 (8.55) | |||
| BMI | ||||||
| Normal | 56.31 (9.03) | 0.187 | 57.23 (8.40) | 0.405 | 57.23 (7.68) | 0.516 |
| Overweight | 55.94 (8.58) | 58.06 (10.28) | 58.34 (8.78) | |||
| Obesity | 56.76 (8.22) | 56.81 (8.65) | 58.14 (8.80) | |||
| TC ≥6.22 mmol/L | ||||||
| Yes | 56.55 (8.89) | 0.569 | 56.66 (7.88) | 0.461 | 56.67 (7.05) | 0.125 |
| No | 56.23 (8.66) | 57.61 (9.56) | 58.28 (8.78) | |||
| TG ≥2.26 mmol/L | ||||||
| Yes | 55.81 (8.27) | 0.202 | 55.28 (6.68) | <0.001 | 57.73 (7.84) | 0.576 |
| No | 56.72 (9.50) | 58.30 (10.07) | 58.18 (8.88) | |||
| HDL‐C ≤1.04 mmol/L | ||||||
| Yes | 56.72 (9.50) | 0.330 | 57.70 (9.61) | 0.820 | 58.31 (8.79) | 0.360 |
| No | 56.19 (8.56) | 57.47 (9.35) | 57.97 (8.52) | |||
| LDL‐C ≥4.14 mmol/L | ||||||
| Yes | 58.28 (9.78) | 0.003 | 58.13 (12.90) | 0.617 | 56.99 (7.64) | 0.322 |
| No | 56.1 0 (8.58) | 57.44 (8.96) | 58.17 (8.67) | |||
BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; HDL‐C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; LDL‐C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; SD, standard deviation; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.