Figure 4.

Etomoxir and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) overexpression ameliorated the endothelial dysfunction induced by low glucose. (a) Representative images of protein expression determined by western blotting in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) under the indicated conditions for 1 h. eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; p‐eNOS, phosphorylated eNOS (Ser¹¹⁷⁷). (b,c) Effects of etomoxir and MnSOD overexpression on (b) vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) and (c) intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression. Cells were incubated under the indicated conditions for 1 h. The expression levels of VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 mRNA were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Control Adeno, control adenovirus; MnSOD Adeno, MnSOD adenovirus. White bars, 5.5 mmol/L glucose; black bars, 2.5 mmol/L glucose. Data are six independent experiments carried out in duplicate (mean ± SD). **P < 0.01 compared with 5.5 mmol/L glucose and control adenovirus; ^# P < 0.05, ^## P < 0.01 compared with 2.5 mmol/L glucose and control adenovirus.