mRNA expression (A) and protein levels (B) of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) receptor 1 (TNFR1) in the subfornical organ (SFO) and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in rats 4 wk after coronary artery ligation to induce heart failure (HF) or a sham operation (Sham) and 5 wk after SFO microinjection of TNFR1 shRNA, scrambled (Con) shRNA, or vehicle (Veh). Values are expressed as means ± SE; n = 6 or 7 for each group. Values for mRNA are expressed as fold changes compared with the Sham + Veh group; values for protein levels were corrected by β-actin. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA followed by multiple-comparison tests. [For mRNA expression: SFO, HF effect: F(1, 30) = 176, P < 0.0001; treatment effect: F(2, 30) = 30, P < 0.0001; PVN, HF effect: F(1, 30) = 75, P < 0.0001; treatment effect: F(2, 30) = 1.13, P = 0.34. For protein levels: SFO, HF effect: F(1, 36) = 207, P < 0.0001; treatment effect: F(2, 36) = 21, P < 0.0001. PVN, HF effect: F(1, 36) = 145, P < 0.0001; treatment effect: F(2, 36) = 1.50, P = 0.24]. *P < 0.05 vs. Sham + Veh; †P < 0.05, HF + TNFR1 shRNA vs. HF + Veh.