Fig. 2.

(A) Top 12 pathways identified by GSEA as upregulated or downregulated by xanthophyll treatment based on NES. Closed bars represent pathways with the highest positive NES values, and open bars represent pathways with the lowest negative NES values. Most notable are the upregulated pathways for (B) N-glycan synthesis and (C) glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis: chrondroitin sulfate. These two gene sets are shown along with a corresponding heat map in the three control and three xanthophyll sample.