Table 1.
Characteristics of Hispanic/Latino Individuals With Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitusa
| Sedentary Time | MVPA | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 (n=567) | Tertile 2 (n=565) | Tertile 3 (n=567) | P Value | Tertile 1 (n=568) | Tertile 2 (n=567) | Tertile 3 (n=564) | P Value | |
| Sedentary h/dayb, mean (95% CI)c | 10.6 (10.4, 10.8) | 12.7 (12.6, 12.7) | 14.1 (14.1, 14.2) | n/a | 13.5 (13.3, 13.6) | 12.7 (12.5, 12.8) | 11.4 (11.2, 11.7) | <0.001 |
| MVPA min/day, mean (95% CI)c | 32.4 (28.1, 36.7) | 14.1 (11.9, 16.2) | 8.0 (6.6, 9.3) | <0.001 | 1.5 (1.4, 1.7) | 9.8 (9.4, 10.3) | 40.9 (37.1, 44.7) | n/a |
| LPA h/day, mean (95% CI)c | 4.9 (4.7, 5.1) | 3.0 (2.9, 3.1) | 1.9 (1.9, 2.0) | <0.001 | 2.4 (2.2, 2.5) | 3.2 (3.0, 3.3) | 4.2 (3.9, 4.4) | <0.001 |
| Age, mean (95% CI) | 50 (49, 52) | 55 (53, 57) | 58 (57, 60) | <0.001 | 61 (60, 62) | 54 (52, 56) | 49 (48, 51) | <0.001 |
| Sex, % (95% CI) | ||||||||
| Females | 47 (40, 53) | 62 (57, 68) | 55 (49, 61) | 0.002 | 71 (65, 76) | 53 (47, 59) | 41 (35, 47) | <0.001 |
| Males | 53 (47, 60) | 38 (32, 43) | 45 (39, 51) | … | 29 (24, 35) | 47 (41, 53) | 59 (53, 65) | … |
| Annual household income, % (95% CI) | ||||||||
| $20 000 or less | 42 (35, 48) | 54 (47, 60) | 57 (51, 63) | … | 53 (47, 59) | 51 (45, 57) | 50 (43, 56) | … |
| $20 001 to $50 000 | 40 (34, 47) | 29 (24, 35) | 26 (20, 31) | 0.007 | 31 (25, 37) | 32 (27, 38) | 32 (26, 38) | 0.534 |
| More than $50 000 | 11 (7, 17) | 8 (5, 12) | 7 (4, 11) | … | 6 (4, 11) | 7 (5, 11) | 11 (8, 16) | … |
| Not reported | 7 (5, 11) | 9 (6, 13) | 10 (8, 14) | … | 10 (7, 13) | 9 (6, 13) | 7 (5, 11) | … |
| Education level, % (95% CI) | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 46 (40, 53) | 47 (41, 53) | 46 (40, 52) | … | 46 (39, 53) | 44 (38, 50) | 48 (42, 55) | … |
| High school graduate/equivalent | 18 (15, 23) | 22 (16, 28) | 18 (14, 23) | 0.694 | 14 (11, 19) | 23 (18, 29) | 19 (15, 24) | 0.147 |
| More than high school | 36 (29, 42) | 31 (26, 37) | 36 (31, 42) | … | 40 (33, 47) | 33 (27, 39) | 32 (26, 39) | … |
| Hispanic/Latino background, % (95% CI) | ||||||||
| Dominican | 6 (4, 10) | 8 (5, 12) | 20 (15, 26) | … | 8 (4, 12) | 13 (9, 18) | 17 (13, 23) | … |
| Central American | 6 (4, 8) | 8 (5, 11) | 6 (4, 9) | … | 7 (4, 11) | 6 (4, 9) | 8 (6, 11) | … |
| Cuban | 15 (10, 22) | 22 (16, 29) | 22 (17, 28) | … | 20 (14, 28) | 13 (9, 18) | 5 (3, 7) | … |
| Mexican | 48 (41, 55) | 40 (33, 47) | 21 (16, 26) | <0.001 | 40 (33, 47) | 41 (34, 48) | 40 (34, 47) | <0.001 |
| Puerto Rican | 18 (14, 22) | 20 (16, 25) | 27 (22, 32) | … | 23 (19, 29) | 25 (21, 31) | 25 (20, 30) | … |
| South American | 2 (1, 4) | 2 (1, 4) | 3 (2, 5) | … | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 2) | 2 (1, 3) | … |
| Other/more than one | 5 (2, 10) | 0 (0, 1) | 2 (1, 4) | … | 1 (1, 3) | 1 (0, 2) | 3 (2, 6) | … |
| Employment status, % (95% CI) | ||||||||
| Retired and not currently employed | 18 (14, 24) | 26 (21, 31) | 30 (25, 35) | … | 10 (7, 14) | 8 (6, 12) | 7 (5, 10) | … |
| Not retired and not currently employed | 31 (26, 37) | 48 (42, 54) | 53 (47, 59) | <0.001 | 68 (61, 75) | 54 (47, 60) | 45 (38, 52) | <0.001 |
| Employed part‐time (≤35 h/week) | 16 (12, 21) | 9 (7, 13) | 7 (5, 11) | … | 9 (6, 14) | 14 (10, 18) | 19 (14, 24) | … |
| Employed full‐time (>35 h/week) | 34 (29, 40) | 17 (13, 21) | 10 (7, 15) | … | 13 (8, 19) | 24 (18, 30) | 30 (23, 37) | … |
| Health insurance, % (95% CI) | 65 (59, 70) | 64 (57, 70) | 76 (71, 81) | 0.004 | 69 (64, 75) | 68 (60, 74) | 73 (67, 78) | 0.451 |
| Family history of diabetes mellitus, % (95% CI) | 68 (62, 73) | 66 (60, 71) | 62 (56, 68) | 0.437 | 65 (59, 71) | 65 (59, 71) | 66 (60, 71) | 0.983 |
| Duration of diabetes mellitus, % (95% CI) | ||||||||
| ≤7 years | 61 (54, 66) | 61 (55, 67) | 48 (42, 54) | 0.005 | 56 (50, 62) | 59 (53, 65) | 54 (48, 60) | 0.506 |
| >7 years | 39 (34, 46) | 39 (33, 45) | 52 (46, 58) | … | 44 (38, 50) | 41 (35, 47) | 46 (40, 52) | … |
| Smoking status, % (95% CI) | ||||||||
| Never | 58 (51, 64) | 58 (52, 64) | 54 (48, 60) | … | 57 (51, 62) | 55 (49, 61) | 61 (55, 66) | … |
| Former | 22 (18, 27) | 25 (20, 31) | 30 (25, 36) | 0.204 | 29 (24, 34) | 27 (21, 33) | 22 (18, 27) | 0.389 |
| Current | 20 (15, 25) | 17 (12, 23) | 16 (12, 21) | … | 15 (11, 19) | 18 (13, 25) | 17 (16, 22) | … |
| Alcohol consumption, % (95% CI) | ||||||||
| No current use | 60 (53, 66) | 67 (62, 72) | 62 (57, 68) | … | 71 (65, 76) | 61 (56, 67) | 59 (53, 65) | … |
| Low‐level use | 36 (30, 42) | 30 (25, 35) | 35 (30, 41) | 0.258 | 28 (23, 33) | 36 (31, 42) | 37 (31, 44) | 0.015 |
| High‐level use | 5 (3, 8) | 3 (2, 6) | 2 (1, 5) | … | 1 (1, 2) | 2 (1, 5) | 4 (2, 7) | … |
| Antidiabetic medications, % (95% CI) | 81 (76, 85) | 84 (80, 88) | 83 (77, 87) | 0.497 | 86 (82, 90) | 84 (79, 88) | 80 (75, 84) | 0.099 |
| Antihypertensive medications, % (95% CI) | 48 (42, 54) | 55 (49, 62) | 54 (48, 60) | 0.197 | 57 (50, 64) | 54 (47, 60) | 48 (42, 54) | 0.151 |
| Lipid‐lowering medications, % (95% CI) | 39 (33, 46) | 44 (39, 50) | 46 (40, 51) | 0.346 | 44 (37, 50) | 41 (35, 48) | 42 (36, 49) | 0.872 |
| Body mass index kg/m2, mean (95% CI) | 31.0 (30.3, 31.7) | 32.3 (31.4, 33.2) | 33.2 (32.2, 34.2) | <0.001 | 32.9 (32.2, 33.6) | 32.7 (31.5, 33.9) | 31.0 (30.3, 31.8) | <0.001 |
| Alternative healthy eating index‐2010, mean (95% CI) | 52.7 (51.6, 53.8) | 50.8 (49.7, 51.9) | 49.5 (48.7, 50.3) | 0.001 | 49.6 (48.7, 50.5) | 50.8 (49.8, 51.8) | 52.4 (51.4, 53.3) | <0.001 |
| Self‐reported physical health score, mean (95% CI) | 46.6 (45.4, 47.7) | 42.3 (41.0, 43.5) | 40.4 (39.2, 41.7) | <0.001 | 39.5 (38.2, 40.8) | 43.2 (42.0, 44.3) | 46.3 (45.1, 47.4) | <0.001 |
n/a, not applicable.
a
Figures are column percentages (95% CI) unless otherwise stated; all analyses account for the complex sampling scheme of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and are adjusted for 10‐year age groups.
b
Sedentary time estimated based on field center–specific standardization to 16 hours of accelerometer wear time.
c
Sedentary, moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and light‐intensity physical activity (LPA) time not adjusted for age.