Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population Free of Prevalent CVD (N=14 103) by Categories of Smoking Status
| Variable | Smoking Status | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Population (N=14 103) | Never Smokers (n=8138) | Former Smokers (n=4121) | Current Smokers (n=1844) | P Value | |
| Age, y | 51.7±8.9 | 50.5±9.3 | 54.0±8.3 | 51.6±7.7 | <0.001 |
| Male, % | 44.8 | 39.9 | 52.6 | 49.0 | <0.001 |
| Racea, % | <0.001 | ||||
| White | 51.7 | 51.0 | 54.2 | 48.7 | |
| Brown (mixed) | 27.9 | 28.4 | 26.6 | 28.7 | |
| Black | 15.8 | 16.1 | 14.3 | 17.7 | |
| Asian/other | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.2 | |
| Cigarettes per d | 6.2±10.9 | 0±0 | 15.5±13.6 | 12.7±9.7 | <0.001 |
| Duration of smoking, y | 8.9±13.1 | 0±0 | 17.2±11.0 | 29.8±10.7 | <0.001 |
| Pack‐years of smoking | 7.2±14.9 | 0±0 | 15.7±19.0 | 20.4±18.6 | <0.001 |
| Y since quittinga | ··· | ··· | 17.1±10.9 | ··· | ··· |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.9±4.7 | 26.7±4.8 | 27.6±4.6 | 26.3±4.7 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 120.8±17.0 | 120.1±16.7 | 122.5±17.0 | 120.1±18.3 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 76.2±10.7 | 75.9±10.5 | 77.0±10.6 | 75.7±11.6 | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive medication use, % | 25.5 | 23.7 | 31.2 | 20.8 | <0.001 |
| Heart ratea, bpm | 66.5±9.5 | 66.8±9.5 | 66.1±9.5 | 66.3±9.8 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 18.5 | 15.7 | 23.2 | 19.9 | <0.001 |
| Lipid‐lowering drugs, % | 11.4 | 10.4 | 14.7 | 8.5 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 215.3±41.9 | 213.3±40.6 | 217.4±43.4 | 219.7±43.4 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 137.8±104.3 | 126.6±81.6 | 152.5±132.2 | 154.9±115.4 | <0.001 |
| LDL‐C, mg/dL | 131.6±34.8 | 130.9±34.3 | 131.5±34.8 | 134.9±36.6 | <0.001 |
| HDL‐C, mg/dL | 56.9±14.6 | 57.5±14.4 | 56.4±14.8 | 55.2±14.7 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol use, % | <0.001 | ||||
| Never | 10.6 | 14.6 | 5.1 | 4.8 | |
| Former | 19.7 | 19.3 | 22.5 | 14.9 | |
| Current | 69.6 | 65.9 | 72.3 | 80.0 | |
| Family history of MIa, % | 12.8 | 12.4 | 12.9 | 14.2 | 0.09 |
Continuous variables presented as means (standard deviations), and categorical variables are presented as percentages. P value for continuous variables was calculated using 1‐way ANOVA and for categorical variables using the χ2 test among never, former, and current smokers. HDL‐C indicates high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; MI, myocardial infarction.
a
The proportion of missing observations for these variables was ≥1%. Missing sample sizes were race (n=162, 1.1%), years since quitting (n=164, 1.2%), heart rate (n=816, 5.8%), and family history of myocardial infarction (n=141, 1.0%).