Table 5.
Baseline Mean Absolute Difference With 95% CIs in Levels of hsCRP and cIMT, and ORs for ABI ≤1.0 and CAC >0 by Secondhand Smoking Status
| Exposure | Ln hsCRP | cIMTa | ABI ≤1.0 | CAC (Agatston)b >0 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Secondhand Smoke (Yes vs No) | β Coefficient (95% CI) | P Value | β Coefficient (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value |
| Model 1 | 0.09 (0.05–0.14) | <0.001c | 0.02 (0.01–0.02) | <0.001c | 1.16 (0.99–1.36) | 0.07 | 1.07 (0.91–1.27) | 0.41 |
| Model 2 | 0.06 (0.02–0.10) | <0.001c | 0.01 (0.00–0.02) | 0.01c | 1.12 (0.95–1.32) | 0.18 | 1.03 (0.87–1.23) | 0.71 |
| Model 3 | 0.04 (0.00–0.08) | 0.04c | 0.00 (−0.00 to 0.01) | 0.09 | 1.02 (0.86–1.21) | 0.83 | 0.97 (0.81–1.16) | 0.73 |
| Model 4 | 0.05 (0.01–0.09) | <0.01c | 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.01) | 0.06 | 1.07 (0.90–1.26) | 0.45 | 0.98 (0.82–1.17) | 0.79 |
Model 1 is adjusted for age, sex, race, and education. Model 2 is adjusted for model 1 plus study site, family history of myocardial infarction, body mass index, alcohol use, systolic blood pressure, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, hypertension status, diabetes mellitus, and statin use. Model 3 is adjusted for model 2 plus self‐reported smoking status (never, former, current). Model 4 is adjusted for model 2 plus pack‐years of smoking. ABI indicates ankle‐brachial index; CAC, coronary artery calcium; CI, confidence interval; cIMT, carotid intima–media thickness; hsCRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; ln, naturally log transformed; OR, odds ratio.
10 225 (72.5%) of participants underwent cIMT measurements and had adequate image quality for analysis of both common carotid arteries.
4278 (30.3%) of participants underwent CAC scoring because it was conducted at 1 site only (São Paulo, Brazil).
Significant results.