Figure 2.

Hazard ratios, 95% CI, and P‐trends for the associations between time‐averaged glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1c) and 3 different cardiovascular outcomes (cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal MI, and fatal or nonfatal MI) from model 4. This model adjusted for end‐stage renal disease incidence; census division (a marker for location); demographic variables such as age, sex, race/ethnicity; Medicare/Medicaid dual eligibility; area‐level geocoded socioeconomic standards variables such as median rent, median household income, percentage living below poverty, percentage unemployed, and percentage with less than high school education; baseline body mass index and estimated glomerular filtration rate; preexisting comorbidities including heart failure, arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, other cardiac disease, peripheral arterial disease, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, current tobacco use, cancer, and alcohol dependence; and laboratory variables such as albumin, normalized protein catabolic rate, hemoglobin, platelet count, white blood cell count, ferritin, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, parathyroid hormone level, and predialysis weight. For each outcome, HbA_1c categories are represented as the following: ᴏ, <6.5% (reference group); +, 6.5% to <7.5%; ×, 7.5% to <8.5%; and Δ, ≥8.5%. CV indicates cardiovascular; MI, myocardial infarction.