Table 3.
Association Between Prehospital Factors and 1‐Month Survival With Favorable Neurological Outcome After Bystander‐Witnessed OHCA of Cardiac Origin
| Factor (n=11 053)a | Favorable neurological outcome | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N | (%) | OR | (95% CI) | P Value | OR | (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Activity at the time of OHCA | ||||||||
| Exercise | 82/186 | (44.1%) | 9.76 | (7.25–13.16) | <0.001 | 1.85 | (1.18–2.9) | 0.007 |
| Nonexercise | 812/10 867 | (7.5%) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Age (1‐y increment) | … | 0.96 | (0.96–0.96) | <0.001 | 0.98 | (0.97–0.98) | <0.001 | |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 692/6927 | (10.0%) | 2.16 | (1.83–2.54) | <0.001 | 0.93 | (0.77–1.12) | 0.417 |
| Female | 202/4126 | (4.9%) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Location of arrests | ||||||||
| Home | 395/7158 | (5.5%) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Street | 117/751 | (15.6%) | 3.16 | (2.53–3.94) | <0.001 | 1.50 | (1.16–1.94) | 0.002 |
| Sports facilities | 54/107 | (50.5%) | 17.45 | (11.78–25.83) | <0.001 | 1.84 | (1.01–3.36) | 0.045 |
| Other locations | 328/3037 | (10.8%) | 2.07 | (1.78–2.42) | <0.001 | 1.14 | (0.94–1.38) | 0.190 |
| History of ischemic heart disease | ||||||||
| Yes | 159/1567 | (10.1%) | 1.35 | (1.12–1.61) | 0.001 | 1.17 | (0.95–1.45) | 0.135 |
| No | 735/9486 | (7.7%) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Good activities of daily living before arrest | ||||||||
| Good | 803/7424 | (10.8%) | 4.72 | (3.78–5.88) | <0.001 | 2.03 | (1.58–2.59) | <0.001 |
| Disability | 91/3629 | (2.5%) | ref. | ref. | ||||
| First documented rhythm | ||||||||
| VF | 722/2629 | (27.5%) | 18.16 | (15.27–21.61) | <0.001 | 9.70 | (8.01–11.74) | <0.001 |
| Non‐VF | 172/8424 | (2.0%) | ref. | ref. | ||||
| Dispatcher instruction | ||||||||
| Yes | 300/3973 | (7.6%) | 0.89 | (0.77––1.03) | 0.121 | 0.96 | (0.79–1.17) | 0.687 |
| No | 594/7080 | (8.4%) | ref. | ref. | ||||
| Initiation of bystander CPR | ||||||||
| Yes | 489/4686 | (10.4%) | 1.72 | (1.50––1.97) | <0.001 | 1.38 | (1.14–1.66) | 0.001 |
| No | 405/6367 | (6.4%) | ref. | ref. | ||||
| Shock by a public‐access AED | ||||||||
| Yes | 136/259 | (52.5%) | 14.64 | (11.35–18.89) | <0.001 | 2.85 | (2.06–3.95) | <0.001 |
| No | 758/10 794 | (7.0%) | ref. | ref. | ||||
| Time from collapse to contact with patient by EMS (1‐min increment) | … | 0.92 | (0.91–0.94) | <0.001 | 0.91 | (0.89–0.93) | <0.001 | |
| Year (1‐y increment) | … | 1.05 | (1.02–1.08) | 0.003 | 1.07 | (1.03–1.11) | <0.001 | |
AED indicates automated external defibrillator; CI, confidence interval; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; EMS, emergency medical service; OHCA, out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest; OR, odds ratio; Ref., reference; VF, ventricular fibrillation.
a
The outcome information of 6 patients was missing.