Table 4.

Odds Ratios (ORs) Employment (Characteristics) and Recidivism Risk Using Four Different Analytical Strategies.

	N	Employment category	% reoffended	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
				Unweighted OR	OR logistic regression	PS weighted OR	PS weighted OR + direct adjustment out-of-balance covariates
All (n = 714)
Employed in first month after release	714			0.61**	0.87	0.912	NA: 0 out-of-balance covariates
	505	No	37.0
	209	Yes	26.3
Employed in first month after release (n = 209)
Employee (vs. self-employed)	209			0.81	1.04	—	—
	65	Self-employed	29.2
	144	Employee	25.0
Retained job during 6-month follow-up	208			0.34**	0.62	0.48*	NA: 0 out-of-balance covariates
	111	No	35.1
	97	Yes	15.5
Employee in first month after release (n = 144)
Retained job during 6-month follow-up	144			0.33*	0.93	0.76	0.59
	86	No	32.6
	58	Yes	13.8
Full-time job	144			0.81	0.87	—	—
	43	No	27.9
	101	Yes	23.8
Higher occupational level	140			0.35†	0.23	0.29†	0.23†
	115	No	27.8
	25	Yes	12.0
Employee at time of arrest and in first month after release (n = 85)
Returned to pre-prison employer	85			0.27*	0.10	—	—
	25	No	36.0
	60	Yes	13.3

Note. PS = propensity scores; O-O-B = out-of-balance; NA = not applicable.

^†p < .10. *p< .05. **p < .01.