. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Child Fam Stud. 2017 Jun 5;26(10):2753–2761. doi: 10.1007/s10826-017-0780-y

Table 1.

Characteristics of Participants by Maternal Physical Discipline

	Total (N=101) % or Mean (range)	Maternal Childhood Physical Abuse (n=26) % or Mean (range)	No Maternal Childhood Physical Abuse (n=75) % or Mean (range)

Child’s sex
Female	55.45	61.54	53.33
Male	44.55	38.46	46.67

Mean age of child (range)	9.69 (5.00–16.00)	9.35 (5.00–16.00)	9.81 (5.00–15.00)

Mean age of mother (range)	34.45 (24.00–53.00)	32.96 (24.00–36.00)	34.87 (26.00–53.00)

Maternal education
Less than high school	20.79	19.23	21.33
High school	28.71	42.31	24.00
Some college or college degree	50.50	38.46	54.67

Mean harsh parenting score (range)	10.62 (0.00–75.00)	10.67 (0.00–52.00)	10.61 (0.00–75.00)

Mean maternal depressive symptoms score (range)	21.76 (9.00–52.00)	24.08 (14.00–38.00)	20.96 (9.00–52.00)

Mean child adverse life events (range)	8.33 (0.00–18.00)	9.48 (4.00–18.00) ^a	7.93 (0.00–17.00)

Mean child internalizing behavior (range)	6.71 (0.00–29.00)	8.87 (0.00–28.00) ^a	4.31 (0.00–29.00)

Note.

p<0.05 based on Likelihood Ratio Chi-square or t-test where appropriate.