Table 1.
Invasive Fungal Infections Resulting from Exposure to Foods, Beverages, or Dietary Supplements
| Author and publication year | Country | Patient population or predisposing factors (n) | Site or type of infection (n) | Suspected source | Fungus | Outcome (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mold infections | ||||||
| Sutherland and Jones (1960) | South Africa | Unknown medical history, but possible gastric ulcer (1) | Stomach | Fermented corn beverage | Unspecified mucormycete | Died |
| Vermorel-Faure et al. (1993) | France | Patients in a sterile hospital unit (3) | Pulmonary | Cooked rice | Aspergillus fumigatus | Unknown |
| Oliver et al. (1996) | United States | Bone marrow transplant (1) | Liver | Naturopathic medicine | Mucor indicus | Survived |
| Karam et al. (2005) | France | Leukemia (1) | Disseminated to skin | Cereal | Fusarium moniliforme | Survived |
| Aboltins et al. (2006) | Australia | History of intravenous drug use (1) | Fungemia | Unrefrigerated meal | Mucor indicus | Survived |
| Bellete et al. (2006) | France | Leukemia (1) | Appendix, liver | Probiotic | Absidia corymbifera | Survived |
| Cheng et al. (2009) | China | Hematology/oncology unit (5 invasive infections, 2 mucosal infections, 5 colonized) | Intestine | Prepackaged food or allopurinol tablets | Rhizopus microsporus | 4/5 invasive, 1/2 mucosal, 0/5 colonized died |
| Iriart et al. (2010) | French Guiana | Gastric cancer (1) | Stomach | Dried salted fish | Monascus ruber | Died |
| Martinello et al. (2012) | Australia | Alcohol misuse, irritable bowel syndrome, and Salmonella Typhimurium enteritis (1) | Intestine | Home-brewed beer | Rhizopus sp. | Survived |
| Lazar et al. (2014) | United States | Diabetes, leukemia, and neutropenia (1) | Rhinocerebral | Yogurt | Mucor circinelloides | Dieda |
| Vallabhaneni (2015b) | United States | Premature infant (1) | Intestine | Dietary supplement | Rhizopus oryzae | Died |
| Yeast infections | ||||||
| Radosavljevic et al. (1999) | France | Gastric cancer (1) | Fungemia | Cheese | Candida catenulata | Dieda |
| Gurgui et al. (2011) | Spain | Hematology unit (2 infected, 2 colonized) | Disseminated (2), oropharyngeal colonization (2) | Vacuum flasks of milk | Blastoschizomyces capitatus | Died (2), survived (2) |
| Pineda et al. (2012) | United States | Pregnant woman (1), premature infants (2) | Fungemia and chorioamnionitis | Organic dairy products | Candida kefyr | Survived |
Excluding cases of Saccharomyces infection related to probiotics.
a
Due to underlying condition.
n, number of persons.