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. 2017 Jul 31;127(9):3220–3229. doi: 10.1172/JCI90604

Figure 3. Transcription factors that regulate different microglia phenotypes.

Figure 3

Microglia ontogeny is crucially dependent on LDTFs such as PU.1, MAFB, and SALL1 that are essential for the development of the ramified phenotype depicted in the center. Microglia are diverse cells that acquire different functional phenotypes in response to the environment in which they reside. Several transcriptional regulators have been identified that regulate different microglia phenotypes. For example, proinflammatory microglia are regulated by IRF7, RelA, STAT1/3, and FosB. Microglia that mediate neuropathic pain are induced by expression of Irf1, Irf5, and Irf8 in microglia. Microglia that contribute to HIV-associated neurodegeneration are characterized by an induction of p53. Figure adapted with permission from Nature Reviews Neurology (128).