Figure 3. Growth potential of axons and synapses after SCI can be regulated by diverse cells and molecules in different lesion compartments.

(A) Multiple cell types and molecules can influence and regulate the growth potential of axons and synapses in different lesion compartments. (B) Modulation of axon sprouting, synapse plasticity, or synapse function in spared but reactive and reorganizing neural tissue by delivery of molecules that modify perineuronal net, synapse formation, or synaptic transmission. (C) Transplantation to repopulate non-neural lesion core with neural cells that either provide new relay neurons, or provide neuroglia that support host axon regrowth, to restore circuit connectivity across the lesion. CSPG-Rs, CSPG receptors; KLFs, Krüppel-like factors; NgRs, NOGO-receptor; PNN, Peri-Neuronal-Net; NTFs, neurotrophic factors; NTF-Rs, neurotrophic factor receptors.