Table 2. Average performances across environments for the hybrids and variance components.

	Average performancesa		Variance components
Trait	Hybrids between founder lines	Experimental hybrids	Effects	Globalb	Within-populationb
DMC	33.5 (30.2–36.1)	33.0 (25.7–41.3)	Flint GCA	2.31 (0.26)***	0.98 (0.23)***
(% of fresh weight)			Dent GCA	0.92 (0.27)***	0.96 (0.23)***
			SCA	0.43 (0.27)ns	0.53 (0.25)*
			Residual	1.45–6.13c	1.52–6.04c
			H	0.89	0.85
			%SCA	11.7	21.5
DMY	16.5 (14.8–18.4)	16.0 (11.8–20.2)	Flint GCA	0.28 (0.10)***	0.30 (0.10)***
(t.ha−1)			Dent GCA	0.74 (0.10)***	0.44 (0.09)***
			SCA	0.22 (0.11)*	0.20 (0.10)*
			Residual	1.00–3.53c	1.02–3.56c
			H	0.81	0.77
			%SCA	17.4	21.0
DtSILK	211.6 (209.2–213.6)	211.5 (206.7–217.9)	Flint GCA	0.74 (0.19)***	0.51 (0.19)***
(days after January 1)			Dent GCA	1.26 (0.18)***	1.09 (0.17)***
			SCA	0.39 (0.19)*	0.47 (0.19)**
			Residual	0.96–6.13c	0.96–6.12c
			H	0.89	0.88
			%SCA	16.3	22.6
PH	251 (229–275)	248 (204–283)	Flint GCA	42.9 (11.7)***	38.4 (8.9)***
(cm)			Dent GCA	92.8 (11.0)***	45.1 (8.2)***
			SCA	19.3 (11.8)ns	13.4 (8.8)ns
			Residual	50.0–243.6c	46.7–243.2c
			H	0.88	0.82
			%SCA	12.4	13.8

Shown are the average performances across environments for the hybrids between founder lines and the experimental hybrids and variance components estimated using two models ignoring (global) or including (within-population) the population structure of the design, for DMC, DMY, female flowering time (DtSILK), and PH. Variance components were used to compute trait heritability and the percentage of hybrid variance due to SCA (in bold). ns, nonsignificant; H, heritability; %SCA, percentage of hybrid variance due to SCA. * P < 5%, ** P < 1%, *** P < 0.1%.

^aFor each category of hybrids, range of variation (minimal and maximum values) is indicated between brackets.

^bSD of the GCA and SCA variance components is shown between brackets along with the level of significance of the random effect.

^cMinimum and maximum environmental residual variances.