Table 2.

Ocular and systemic associations of DRS

External examination	Anterior segment	Posterior segment	Nonocular associations29–32,79–81	Associated syndromes79–81
Ptosis	Epibulbar dermoid	Coloboma78	Preauricular tags, pinna defects, deafness	Goldenhar
Marcus–Gunn Jaw Wink	Microcornea76	Optic nerve hypoplasia	Cleft palate, facial asymmetry	Klippel–Feil
Horner’s syndrome64	Keratoconus76	Morning glory disc	Cardiac anomalies	Holt–Oram
Nystagmus	Coloboma78	Myelinated nerves35	Limb deformities, phocomelia	Wildervanck
Microphthalmos,35 posterior microphthalmos75	Cataract	Staphyloma35	Vertebral anomalies spina bifida	Arthrogryposis multiplex congenital
Brown syndrome76		Situs inversus disc35	Renal dysplasia, vesicoureteral reflux, imperforate anus	Oculocutaneous albinism
Familial external ophthalmoplegia77		Persistent fetal vasculature35	Microcephaly	Fetal alcohol syndrome

Abbreviation: DRS, Duane retraction syndrome.