Table 1.
Potentially preventable within stay readmissions during inpatient rehabilitation
| Overall Sample n=345,697 | Observed Rate | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 11,945 | 3.5% | |
| Age, years | |||
| <65 | 36,817 | 2.9% | Ref |
| 65–84 | 227,615 | 3.3% | 1.18 (1.09, 1.28) |
| >84 | 81,265 | 4.0% | 1.39 (1.27, 1.53) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 202,751 | 3.0% | Ref |
| Male | 142,946 | 4.0% | 1.19 (1.14, 1.23) |
| Race/ethnicityb | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 281,624 | 3.5% | Ref |
| Non-Hispanic black | 35,795 | 3.6% | 0.95 (0.89, 1.02) |
| Hispanic | 18,382 | 3.5% | 0.89 (0.81, 0.97) |
| Other | 9,000 | 3.1% | 0.89 (0.78, 1.01) |
| Disability entitlementc | |||
| No | 267,415 | 3.5% | Ref |
| Yes | 78,282 | 3.4% | 0.98 (0.92, 1.03) |
| Dual eligibilityd | |||
| No | 279,629 | 3.4% | Ref |
| Yes | 66,068 | 3.6% | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) |
| Prior hospitalizations | |||
| 0 | 243,069 | 2.8% | Ref |
| 1 | 67,758 | 4.3% | 1.24 (1.18, 1.29) |
| 2 | 21,933 | 5.8% | 1.54 (1.44, 1.64) |
| 3+ | 12,937 | 7.4% | 1.89 (1.76, 2.04) |
| CCS Diagnostic categorye | |||
| Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue | 66,032 | 1.4% | Ref |
| Diseases of the Circulatory System | 101,097 | 4.0% | 1.39 (1.26, 1.54) |
| Injury and Poisoning | 87,240 | 3.0% | 1.34 (1.22, 1.47) |
| Diseases of the Respiratory System | 16,597 | 6.2% | 1.83 (1.64, 2.04) |
| Infectious and Parasitic Diseases | 12,389 | 6.2% | 1.57 (1.40, 1.77) |
| Diseases of the Genitourinary System | 10,157 | 4.8% | 1.39 (1.23, 1.58) |
| Diseases of the Digestive System | 11,347 | 4.5% | 1.26 (1.11, 1.43) |
| Neoplasms | 10,183 | 4.5% | 1.37 (1.21, 1.56) |
| Endocrine, Nutritional, and Metabolic | 8,233 | 4.2% | 1.31 (1.14, 1.51) |
| Diseases and Immunity Disorders | |||
| Diseases of Nervous System and Sense Organs | 12,111 | 2.5% | 0.87 (0.76, 1.01) |
| Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue | 2,321 | 4.7% | 1.46 (1.18, 1.80) |
| Disease of Blood and Blood-Forming Organs | 1,247 | 5.7% | 1.70 (1.31, 2.20) |
| Mental Disorders | 950 | 2.7% | 0.91 (0.61, 1.36) |
| Congenital Anomalies | 864 | 1.3% | 0.68 (0.37, 1.24) |
| Other | 4,929 | 3.4% | 1.05 (0.88, 1.26) |
| Hospital LOS | |||
| <4 days | 106,953 | 1.8% | Ref |
| 4 to 7 days | 147,141 | 3.2% | 1.24 (1.17, 1.31) |
| >7 days | 91,603 | 5.7% | 1.59 (1.50, 1.69) |
| ICU | |||
| No | 214,893 | 2.8% | Ref |
| Yes | 130,804 | 4.6% | 1.12 (1.07, 1.17) |
| Elixhauser Comorbidity Sum | |||
| 0–1 | 35,836 | 1.5% | Ref |
| 2–4 | 177,881 | 2.6% | 1.20 (1.10, 1.31) |
| 5+ | 131,980 | 5.2% | 1.75 (1.60, 1.92) |
| IR Impairment group | |||
| LE Fracture | 48,190 | 2.5% | Ref |
| Stroke | 70,080 | 3.3% | 1.12 (1.02, 1.24) |
| LE Joint Replacement | 39,945 | 0.9% | 0.84 (0.73, 0.96) |
| Neurologic Disorders | 35,281 | 4.8% | 1.59 (1.4 5, 1.75) |
| Debility | 32,947 | 4.5% | 1.51 (1.37, 1.67) |
| Brain Injury | 26,987 | 4.6% | 1.58 (1.43, 1.73) |
| Other Ortho Conditions | 22,695 | 2.3% | 1.23 (1.10, 1.37) |
| Cardiac Conditions | 20,332 | 6.0% | 1.97 (1.77, 2.19) |
| Spinal Cord Injury | 15,626 | 3.1% | 1.51 (1.34, 1.71) |
| Other | 33,614 | 4.3% | 1.46 (1.33, 1.60) |
| Self-care at IR admissionf | |||
| <16 points | 91,847 | 5.7% | Ref |
| 16–24 points | 178,825 | 3.0% | 0.76 (0.72, 0.80) |
| >24 points | 75,025 | 1.7% | 0.57 (0.53, 0.62) |
| Bowel/Bladder Management at IR admissionf | |||
| <4 points | 79,437 | 5.6% | Ref |
| 4–10 points | 187,921 | 3.1% | 0.85 (0.81, 0.89) |
| >10 points | 78,339 | 2.1% | 0.73 (0.68, 0.78) |
| Mobility at IR admissionf | |||
| <7 points | 71,611 | 5.8% | Ref |
| 7–13 points | 192,691 | 3.3% | 0.75 (0.71, 0.78) |
| >13 points | 81,395 | 1.8% | 0.51 (0.47, 0.55) |
| Cognition at IR admissionf | |||
| <19 points | 86,526 | 4.9% | Ref |
| 19–27 points | 155,754 | 3.4% | 0.94 (0.90, 0.99) |
| >27 points | 103,417 | 2.3% | 0.86 (0.81, 0.92) |
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; CCS, Clinical Classification Software; LOS, length of stay; ICU, intensive care unit; IR, inpatient rehabilitation; LE, lower extremity; Ortho, orthopedic
Odds ratios are adjusted for all variables presented in the table.
Race/ethnicity missing for 896 cases in the overall sample and 18 cases with potentially preventable within stay readmissions.
“Disability” original reason for receiving Medicare.
Eligible for Medicare and Medicaid.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). Clinical Classifications Software (CCS) 2015. Available at: http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/toolssoftware/ccs/CCSUsersGuide.pdf. Accessed 5/16/2016.
Functional domains are derived from the items in the Functional Independence Measure. Self-care: 6 items related to eating, grooming, bathing, dressing-upper body, dressing-lower body, and toileting (score range 6–42); Bowel/Bladder Management: 2 items related to bladder management and bowel management (score range 2–14); mobility: 5 items related to transfers, walking/wheelchair mobility, and ability to climb stairs (score range 5–35); cognition: 5 items related to comprehension, expression, social interaction, problem solving, and memory (score range 5–35).