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. 2017 Nov 3;7:14496. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15195-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Graphic illustration of the experimental design. (A) A serial response time task (SRTT) was performed in blocks containing random or regular stimuli as indicated in black and green, accordingly. Random stimuli appeared before and after regular stimuli (“sandwich” structure) in 3 parts (PART 1, PART 2, PART 3) before sleep (IMPLICIT SRTT LEARNING) and in an UPDATE session after sleep. Short breaks were introduced between the parts, not between random and regular blocks. Following the balanced design of the experiment, approximately half of the participants performed the task either on the left side (RIGHT HEMISPHRE TRAINING) or on the right side (LEFT HEMISPHERE TRAINING). Not relevant to the present study, the update session was performed either on the same or on the opposite side. The amount of EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE about the SRTT sequence was measured at the end of experiment. (B) Schematic presentation of the stimuli and their correspondence to the required finger to be pressed as a motor response.