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. 2017 Nov 3;8:1311. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00956-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — ¹H MRS quantification of GABA concentrations. a–c Positions of the visual cortical, DLPFC, and hippocampus (HIP) voxels are displayed on sagittal (top row) and coronal (bottom row) slices extracted from an example subject’s tissue segmented structural scan. d An example of the ¹H MRS spectra displayed in one dimension. Blue line: raw metabolite spectra for an example subject. Red line: ProFit basis functions for singlet (one-peak) metabolites, including Creatine (Cre), Choline (Cho), and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA). Black line: residuals after fitting. Note the GABA CH₂ methylene group at 2.28 PPM is invisible on the 1D plot. e and f Plotted for the DLPFC (N = 23) and HIP (N = 18) voxels are the fitted spectra (averaged overall subjects) of the same four metabolites, but now spread along two dimensions, the J-resolved axis (±20 Hz) plotted and the chemical shift axis (1.5–4 parts per million; p.p.m.). Both plots use identical scaling. Colors indicate minimum (blue) and maximum (red) height of spectral contours (arbitrary units). The GABA CH₂ methylene group is visible at 2.28 p.p.m. (diagonal lines)