Table 2.
Crude and respondent-driven sampling (RDS)-adjusted prevalence estimates from men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited using snowball sampling and RDS methods in Manzini, Swaziland.
| Characteristics | Snowball | RDS (N=310) | |||
| n (%) | n (%) | Adjusted % (95% CI) |
Equilibrium wavea | ||
| Age (years) | |||||
| 18-21 | 42 (24.3) | 139 (44.8) | 47.6 (39.2-57.0) | 5 | |
| 22-25 | 54 (31.2) | 94 (30.3) | 29.6 (22.4-36.9) | 5 | |
| 26+ | 77 (44.5) | 77 (24.8) | 22.8 (16.2-30.0) | 7 | |
| Education completed | |||||
| Primary school or lower | 7 (4.0) | 109 (35.2) | 42.6 (33.3-51.4) | 4 | |
| Secondary school/high school | 88 (50.9) | 133 (42.9) | 42.4 (34.5-50.5) | 9 | |
| More than high school | 84 (45.1) | 68 (21.9) | 15.0 (10.0-21.0) | 4 | |
| Employment status | |||||
| Unemployed | 61 (35.3) | 96 (32.3) | 29.2 (22.3-36.1) | 7 | |
| Student | 28 (16.2) | 101 (34.0) | 40.0 (30.1-47.7) | 7 | |
| Employed | 84 (48.6) | 100 (33.7) | 30.8 (23.8-41.0) | 7 | |
| Single/never married | 2 | ||||
| Yes | 147 (90.7) | 295 (96.1) | 96.6 (93.0-99.4) | ||
| No | 15 (9.3) | 12 (3.9) | 3.4 (0.6-7.0) | ||
| Sexual orientation | |||||
| Heterosexual | 2 (1.2) | 5 (1.6) | 3.0 (0.1-7.5) | 4 | |
| Bisexual | 59 (35.1) | 112 (36.4) | 41.4 (33.6-49.5) | 7 | |
| Gay/homosexual | 107 (63.7) | 191 (62.0) | 55.6 (47.3-63.1) | 7 | |
| Received HIV prevention info on sex between men, past 12 months | 5 | ||||
| Yes | 122 (73.5) | 83 (26.9) | 79.3 (74.2-84.8) | ||
| No | 44 (26.5) | 226 (73.1) | 20.7 (15.2-25.8) | ||
| Knowledge of what type of sex is riskiest for HIV transmission | 7 | ||||
| Yes | 69 (40.1) | 74 (24.0) | 20.4 (14.5-27.0) | ||
| No | 103 (59.9) | 235 (76.1) | 79.6 (73.0-85.5) | ||
| Knowledge of what type of anal sex is riskiest for HIV transmission | 7 | ||||
| Yes | 51 (29.7) | 93 (30.0) | 29.2 (23.2-36.4) | ||
| No | 121 (70.4) | 217 (70.0) | 70.8 (63.6-76.8) | ||
| Ease in accessing condoms | 5 | ||||
| Access or easy access | 155 (90.1) | 249 (80.8) | 82.3 (76.2-87.6) | ||
| Difficult or little access | 17 (9.9) | 59 (19.2) | 17.7 (12.4-23.8) | ||
| Condomless anal sex, past 12 months | 6 | ||||
| Yes | 56 (34.8) | 132 (49.3) | 49.3 (39.8-58.4) | ||
| No | 105 (65.2) | 136 (50.7) | 50.7 (41.6-60.2) | ||
| Number of male anal sex partners, past 12 months | |||||
| 1 | 54 (32.5) | 143 (46.7) | 52.5 (43.8-59.8) | 8 | |
| 2-4 | 73 (44.0) | 133 (43.5) | 41.1 (34.1-49.0) | 6 | |
| 5 or more | 39 (23.5) | 30 (9.8) | 6.5 (3.3-10.1) | 3 | |
| STI test in past 12 months | 3 | ||||
| Yes | 78 (45.3) | 40 (13.2) | 15.1 (9.8-21.2) | ||
| No | 94 (54.7) | 263 (86.8) | 84.9 (78.8-90.2) | ||
| HIV test in past 12 months, among those not living with HIV | 9 | ||||
| Yes | 121 (89.0) | 152 (52.9) | 52.1 (44.0-60.7) | ||
| No | 15 (11.0) | 138 (47.1) | 47.9 (39.3-56.0) | ||
| Self-reported HIV status | 7 | ||||
| Negative/don’t know/not tested | 135 (92.5) | 285 (94.4) | 94.4 (88.6-97.5) | ||
| Positive | 11 (7.5) | 17 (5.6) | 5.6 (2.5-11.4) | ||
| Told family he has sex with men | 4 | ||||
| Yes | 77 (44.5) | 166 (53.5) | 41.7 (36.1-50.3) | ||
| No | 96 (55.5) | 144 (46.5) | 58.3 (49.7-63.9) | ||
| Felt excluded from family because he has sex with men | 4 | ||||
| Yes | 37 (21.4) | 80 (25.8) | 28.5 (22.0-36.2) | ||
| No | 136 (78.6) | 230 (74.2) | 71.5 (63.8-78.0) | ||
| Told health care worker he has sex with men | 5 | ||||
| Yes | 36 (21.3) | 94 (30.3) | 25.7 (20.4-32.4) | ||
| No | 133 (78.7) | 216 (69.7) | 74.3 (67.6-79.6) | ||
| Afraid to seek health care because he has sex with men | 9 | ||||
| Yes | 42 (24.3) | 173 (56.4) | 60.4 (52.1-67.9) | ||
| No | 131 (75.7) | 134 (43.6) | 39.6 (32.1-47.9) | ||
aRespondent-driven sampling (RDS) recruitment wave number at which equilibrium was reached for given variable.