Table 4.
Fasting serum satiety hormones, HOMA-IR, composite insulin sensitivity index (CISI) at 17 weeks and energy intake in offspring (weeks 4, 10, and 16).
| Sex | Lean-Control | Obese-HFS | Obese-Control | Obese-OFS | Obese-S | Obese-OFS + S | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin, pg/ml | M | 1,406 ± 292 | 1,207 ± 217 | 1,613 ± 246 | 1,597 ± 127 | 1,274 ± 338 | 1,783 ± 389 |
| F | 895 ± 185 | 788 ± 94.4 | 1,174 ± 321 | 1,149 ± 263 | 1,290 ± 488 | 1,134 ± 350 | |
| Leptin, pg/ml | M | 4,866 ± 1,106 | 4,174 ± 953 | 3,251 ± 770 | 5,748 ± 1,015 | 2,183 ± 492 | 5,464 ± 1,303 |
| F | 5,779 ± 843 | 3,706 ± 665 | 3,286 ± 954 | 5,698 ± 746 | 4,854 ± 974 | 4,669 ± 817 | |
| Ghrelin, pg/ml | M | 178.2 ± 30.0a | 63.1 ± 21.4b | 145.9 ± 35.5ab | 46.9 ± 12.5b | 55.8 ± 12.8b | 131.7 ± 35.7ab |
| F | 299 ± 34.5a | 194 ± 31.2b | 188 ± 47.3b | 117 ± 16.1b | 200.8 ± 29.0b | 186 ± 25.8b | |
| GIP, pg/ml | M | 106.8 ± 31.3 | 42.7 ± 14.4 | 41.3 ± 7.8 | 58.0 ± 16.2 | 37.9 ± 6.3 | 55.8 ± 11.9 |
| F | 124 ± 30.2 | 46 ± 13.1 | 96.8 ± 30.2 | 112 ± 38.6 | 86.5 ± 23.2 | 79.7 ± 15.7 | |
| PYY, pg/ml | M | 29.5 ± 2.8 | 28.1 ± 5.8 | 26.8 ± 6.1 | 26.1 ± 6.0 | 25.8 ± 4.4 | 39.4 ± 11.9 |
| F | 42.1 ± 23 | 25.0 ± 7.0 | 41.4 ± 6.8 | 42.1 ± 9.0 | 45.7 ± 11.1 | 37.3 ± 8.4 | |
| Glucagon-like peptide 1, pg/ml | M | 11.4 ± 3.0 | 10.5 ± 3.3 | 11.5 ± 2.9 | 9.8 ± 2.5 | 10.3 ± 2.5 | 12.4 ± 2.7 |
| F | 20.1 ± 18 | 12.4 ± 9.0 | 6.1 ± 3.3 | 10.4 ± 5.0 | 5.4 ± 3.0 | 9.6 ± 4.2 | |
| HOMA-IR | M | 8.9 ± 2.0 | 7.2 ± 1.5 | 11.1 ± 1.5 | 9.8 ± 0.8 | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 8.9 ± 2.2 |
| F | 6.2 ± 1.4 | 5.7 ± 0.9 | 7.9 ± 2.4 | 7.1 ± 1.7 | 7.8 ± 3.2 | 7.3 ± 2.2 | |
| CISI | M | 0.49 ± 0.08 | 0.52 ± 0.06 | 0.33 ± 0.05 | 0.36 ± 0.02 | 0.73 ± 0.22 | 0.46 ± 0.09 |
| F | 0.78 ± 0.14 | 0.73 ± 0.08 | 0.68 ± 0.12 | 0.75 ± 0.15 | 0.73 ± 0.10 | 0.75 ± 0.09 | |
| Average energy intake (week 4), kcal/d | M | 42.2 ± 3.1 | 54.5 ± 10.4 | 44.3 ± 3.7 | 49.5 ± 14.1 | 38.9 ± 6.9 | 41.4 ± 6.2 |
| F | 26.3 ± 3.0 | 45.5 ± 10.4 | 26.1 ± 1.1 | 25.2 ± 1.8 | 26.6 ± 1.8 | 35.8 ± 2.4 | |
| Average energy intake (week 10), kcal/d | M | 63.5 ± 4.3 | 82.0 ± 8.7 | 72.9 ± 2.4 | 77.9 ± 3.7 | 77.8 ± 4.8 | 70.0 ± 8.5 |
| F | 43.7 ± 1.1a | 72.0 ± 1.3b | 56.2 ± 4.8ab | 57.1 ± 4.8ab | 44.9 ± 2.5a | 59.0 ± 8.9ab | |
| Average energy intake (week 16), kcal/d | M | 73.8 ± 7.0 | 88.8 ± 14.8 | 80.1 ± 4.9 | 78.2 ± 3.8 | 86.7 ± 8.8 | 80.3 ± 6.0 |
| F | 50.2 ± 4.0a | 79.6 ± 1.5b | 73.5 ± 8.7ab | 77.3 ± 4.4ab | 60.0 ± 3.0ab | 81.3 ± 2.2b |
Values are means ± SEM (n = 8–11 per group). Serum satiety hormones, HOMA-IR, and CISI were measured at 17 weeks of age. Energy intake was measured for five consecutive days in the week indicated and averaged to kcal/day per rat across an n = 2 male or n = 3 female rats per cage.
abValues without common superscript are significantly different within a sex (p < 0.05).
Txt, treatment.