Table 1.
Medical Complications of Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa | • Minnesota starvation experiment [Kalm & Semba, 2005] • Cardiac complications of eating disorders [Casiero & Frishman, 2006] • Medical complications associated with purging [Forney, Buchman-Schmitt, Keel & Frank 2016] • Osteoporosis and bone loss in eating disorders [Zipfel et al., 2001; Olmos et al., 2010] • Endocrine abnormalities [Misra & Klibanski, 2014] • Cerebral atrophy in anorexia nervosa [Roberto et al., 2011] • Neuropsychological functioning deficits in the context of starvation [Laessle et al., 1990; Moser et al., 2003] • Delayed gastrointestinal transit in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa [Kamal et al., 1991] • Reduced interoceptive awareness in patients with AN [Pollatos et al., 2008] • Negative effects on mood when dietary fat intake is reduced [Wells et al., 1998] • Electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities associated with purging behaviors [Mehler & Walsh., 2016] • Medical complications of laxative abuse [Mitchell & Boutacoff., 1986] |
Improvement in Medical Complications Over the Course of Treatment | • Improvement in sleep patterns with weight restoration for patients with AN [Lacey et al., 1976] • Reversal of structural brain abnormalities after long-term recovery from AN and BN [Wagner et al., 2006] • Normalization of delayed gastric emptying during refeeding in patients with AN [Robinson et al., 1988; Rigaud et al., 1988] • Improvement in levels of depression and anxiety during re-nourishment patients with ED’s [Sala et al., 2011] • Neuropsychological functioning deficits resolve with inpatient treatment [Moser et al., 2003] |
Efficacy of Treatment | • Efficacy of exposure therapy for improving eating behavior [Steinglass et al., 2014] • Improvement of body image disturbances during weight recovery in AN [Sala et al., 2012] • The brain is not static: how neuroplasticity underlies recovery [Kays et al., 2012] • Improvements in quality of life with symptom remission and recovery [Mitchison et al., 2016] |
Predictors of Treatment Outcome | • Role of motivation and readiness for change on reduction in eating disorder symptoms [Ålgars et al., 2015;, Bewell & Carter, 2008] • Baseline predictors of better outcomes and time to remission [Vall & Wade, 2016; Clausen, 2008] • Diet energy density and diet variety during treatment are predictors of long-term treatment outcome [Schebendach et al., 2008] |
Rationale Behind Treatment Approach | • Importance of consistent intake in breaking the restrict, binge, purge cycle [Ellison et al., 2016] • A literature review of nutritional rehabilitation in anorexia nervosa and its implications for treatment [Marzola et al., 2013] • How increased resting energy expenditure necessitates caloric increases for appropriate weight gain in patients with AN [Obarzanek et al., 1994; Van wymelbeke et al., 2004] • Short and long term efficacy of CBT in the treatment of bulimia nervosa [Bailer et al.,2004] • Efficacy of CBT for the management of anxiety, mood, personality and eating disorders [Hoffman et al., 2012] |