Table 3.
Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses for predictors of seeking help for spousal violence
| Unadjusted model | Adjusted modela | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personal history | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Age | 15 to 19 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 20 to 24 | 1.12 | 0.88–1.42 | 1.08 | 0.81–1.44 | |
| 25 to 29 | 1.28 | 1.01–1.62 | 1.09 | 0.77–1.53 | |
| 30 to 49 | 1.19 | 0.95–1.48 | 0.96 | 0.67–1.40 | |
| Age at first marriage | <18 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 18 to 20 | 1.01 | 0.92–1.12 | 1.04 | 0.92–1.18 | |
| 21+ | 1.23 | 1.08–1.41 | 1.29 | 1.07–1.55 | |
| Education | <Primary | 1 | 1 | ||
| Primary | 1.12 | 1.00–1.26 | 1.17 | 1.02–1.35 | |
| ≥Secondary | 1.09 | 0.98–1.21 | 1.28 | 1.10–1.48 | |
| Violent father | No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.18 | 1.07–1.31 | 0.99 | 0.88–1.10 | |
| Severity of violence | Moderate | 1 | 1 | ||
| Severe | 4.26 | 3.86–4.70 | 2.80 | 2.50–3.15 | |
| Injuries | No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 4.38 | 3.97–4.83 | 2.79 | 2.49–3.14 | |
| Micro-system | |||||
| Duration of marriage | 0 to 4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 5 to 9 | 1.22 | 1.04–1.43 | 1.23 | 0.99–1.52 | |
| 10 to 19 | 1.26 | 1.09–1.46 | 1.35 | 1.02–1.78 | |
| 20+ | 1.11 | 0.95–1.30 | 1.25 | 0.91–1.70 | |
| No. of living children | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 1 to 2 | 0.84 | 0.71–1.00 | 0.80 | 0.65–0.98 | |
| 3 to 4 | 0.80 | 0.67–0.95 | 0.78 | 0.63–0.97 | |
| 5+ | 0.66 | 0.54–0.80 | 0.66 | 0.51–0.84 | |
| Exo-system | |||||
| Place of residence | Urban | 1 | 1 | ||
| Rural | 0.92 | 0.82–1.03 | 1.00 | 0.85–1.17 | |
| Caste or tribe | SC | 1 | 1 | ||
| ST | 0.82 | 0.71–0.96 | 0.95 | 0.78–1.14 | |
| OBC | 0.99 | 0.87–1.11 | 0.93 | 0.81–1.07 | |
| Other | 0.71 | 0.62–0.80 | 0.80 | 0.69–0.94 | |
| Wealth Index | Poorest | 1 | 1 | ||
| Poorer | 1.12 | 0.99–1.26 | 1.16 | 1.00–1.34 | |
| Middle | 1.11 | 0.98–1.26 | 1.11 | 0.95–1.30 | |
| Richer | 1.15 | 1.00–1.31 | 1.28 | 1.06–1.55 | |
| Richest | 1.00 | 0.85–1.18 | 1.21 | 0.94–1.56 | |
| Occupation | Not working | 1 | 1 | ||
| Agricultural | 1.21 | 1.09–1.34 | 1.14 | 1.00–1.29 | |
| Other | 1.32 | 1.18–1.48 | 1.08 | 0.94–1.23 | |
| Macro-system | |||||
| Region | North | 1 | 1 | ||
| East | 0.85 | 0.71–1.02 | 0.86 | 0.69–1.07 | |
| Northeast | 0.71 | 0.60–0.85 | 0.67 | 0.55–0.83 | |
| West | 0.89 | 0.72–1.09 | 0.93 | 0.73–1.17 | |
| Central | 1.16 | 0.99–1.36 | 1.09 | 0.90–1.32 | |
| South | 1.71 | 1.46–2.00 | 1.37 | 1.12–1.67 | |
| Religion | Hindu | 1 | 1 | ||
| Muslim | 0.87 | 0.75–1.01 | 1.06 | 0.88–1.27 | |
| Christian | 1.11 | 0.91–1.35 | 1.31 | 1.00–1.71 | |
| Other | 1.21 | 0.99–1.48 | 1.50 | 1.20–1.87 | |
| Trans-system | |||||
| Thinks that violence can be justified | No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 0.99 | 0.90–1.10 | 0.89 | 0.79–0.99 | |
aAdjusted for all variables
Bold fonts denote significant (p < 0.05) crude OR and adjusted OR