Table 3.
Comparison of gout patients with and without disability
| HAQ-DI < 0.5 score (n = 178) | HAQ-DI ≥ 0.5 score (n = 48) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, maleb | 168 (94.4) | 46 (95.8) | 0.691 |
| Age (years)a | 52.83 ± 15.64 | 54.46 ± 16.34 | 0.527 |
| BMI (kg/m2)a | 25.68 ± 4.17 | 25.51 ± 4.28 | 0.807 |
| WHRC | 0.95(0.91–0.98) | 0.96(0.94–0.98) | 0.375 |
| Place of residenceb | 0.518 | ||
| City | 102 (57.3) | 25 (52.1) | |
| Country | 76 (42.7) | 23 (47.9) | |
| Marital statusb | 0.392 | ||
| Married | 166 (93.3) | 43 (89.6) | |
| Single | 12 (6.7) | 5 (10.4) | |
| Educationb | 0.109 | ||
| ≤ 9 years | 77 (43.3) | 27 (56.2) | |
| >9 years | 101 (56.7) | 21 (43.8) | |
| Employment statusb | 0.872 | ||
| Employed | 139 (78.1) | 38 (79.2) | |
| Unemployed | 39 (21.9) | 10 (20.8) | |
| Income/year (RMB)b | 0.153 | ||
| <15,000 | 63 (35.4) | 20 (41.7) | |
| 15,000–33,000 | 56 (33.2) | 19 (39.6) | |
| >33,000 | 59 (33.1) | 9 (18.8) | |
| Medical insurance, yesb | 168 (94.4) | 48 (100.0) | 0.093 |
| Comorbilitiesb | |||
| Hypertension | 73 (41.0) | 23 (47.9) | 0.390 |
| DM | 14 (7.9) | 9 (18.8) | 0.027 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 21 (11.8) | 4 (8.3) | 0.497 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 15 (8.4) | 7 (14.6) | 0.269 |
| Nephropathy | 12 (6.7) | 5 (10.4) | 0.202 |
| Disease duration (year)C | 5.00(1.54–10.00) | 7.00(3.00–14.79) | 0.020 |
| Number of flares/last yearC | 3.00(1.00–10.00) | 8.00(2.88–24.25) | 0.003 |
| Stage of goutb | 0.087 | ||
| Asymptomatic (hyperuricemia) | 7 (3.9) | 1 (2.1) | |
| Acute phase | 102 (57.3) | 26 (54.2) | |
| Intercritical phase | 33 (18.5) | 4 (8.3) | |
| Chronic phase | 36 (20.2) | 17 (35.4) | |
| Total pain (VAS)C | 3.00(0.00–7.00) | 5.50(5.00–8.00) | <0.001 |
| Number of tophib | 0.027 | ||
| No | 115 (64.6) | 21 (43.8) | |
| 1 | 27 (15.2) | 10 (20.8) | |
| ≥ 2 | 36 (20.2) | 17 (35.4) | |
| sUA (μmol/L)a | 462.79 ± 1165.80 | 488.02 ± 118.57 | 0.184 |
| Presence of tender joints, yesb | 146 (82.0) | 44 (91.7) | 0.105 |
| Presence of swollen joints, yesb | 125 (70.2) | 48 (100.0) | 0.349 |
| Urate lowering therapyb | |||
| Allopurinol | 15 (8.4) | 1 (2.1) | 0.128 |
| Febuxostat | 59 (33.1) | 21 (43.8) | 0.173 |
| Any anti-inflammatory drugsb | |||
| Colchicine | 108 (60.7) | 38 (79.2) | 0.017 |
| NSAID | 81 (45.5) | 24 (50.0) | 0.580 |
| Corticosteroids | 50 (28.1) | 21 (43.8) | 0.038 |
| Depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10 score)b | 13 (7.3) | 21 (43.8) | <0.001 |
| Anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 10 score)b | 5 (2.8) | 7 (14.6) | 0.004 |
SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range; BMI: body mass index; WHR: waist-hip ratio; DM: diabetes; VAS: visual analog scale; sUA: serum uric acid; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, HAQ-DI: health assessment questionnaire-disability index; PHQ-9: patient health questionnaire; GAD-7: generalized anxiety disorder
p values were obtained with the two-tailed t test, chi-square test and/or Mann-Whitney U test based on the type and distribution of variables
P numbers of entries with significance are shown in italics
aMean ± SD.bNumber (percentage). CMedian (IQR)