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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Neurosci. 2017 Aug 22;40(9):572–587. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.06.009

Table 1.

Neurobehavioral Abnormalities, Addictions, and Disorders of White Matter

Cohort Disorder Technique Important
Findings
Refs
Human Internet Addiction DTI Widespread ↓ FA in adolescents [128]
Human Gaming fMRI ↓ WM density in decision-making, behavioral inhibition, and emotional regulation brain regions [129]
Human Impulsivity DTI WM connectivity associated with distinct impulsivity subtypes underlying motor and reward control [130]
Human Gambling MRI ↓ FA in CC and SLF [131]
Human Mobile Phone Dependence DTI Abnormal WM integrity [128]
Human Kleptomania DTI ↓ WM integrity in inferior frontal brain [132]
Human Obesity DTI BMI correlates negatively with WM integrity in fornix and CC [133]
Mouse High Fat Diet qRT-PCR IHC High fat consumption plus SB promotes loss of OPCs and OLs. Exercise training attenuates negative effects of high fat diet on myelin. [134]
Human Chronic Alcoholism DTI Widespread ↓ FA (frontal, temporal, parietal, Cerebellar WM tracts) [135]
Human Adolescent Alcohol Abuse MRI Heavy drinking during adolescence negatively impacts WM maturation [136]
Human Prenatal Alcohol Exposure DTI ↓ WM microstructural integrity [137]
Human Tobacco DTI ↓ FA in right CG, FA in left CG is negatively associated with # cigarettes smoked per day [138]
Mouse Tobacco qRT-PCR Histology Second hand smoke exposure ↓ expression of genes for myelin synthesis and maintenance [139]
Human Cannabis DTI ↑ cannabis use correlates to ↓ FA and impaired performance in verbal learning [140]
Human Prenatal Cocaine Exposure DTI Altered WM development, ↓ FA [141]
Human Methamphetamine Dependence DTI Frontal WM changes and increased aggression [142]
Human Heroin Abuse DTI Extensive abnormal WM connectivity [143]

DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; FA, fractional anisotropy, qRT-PCR, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging

IHC, immunohistochemistry; BMI, body mass index

OPCs, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; OLs, oligodendrocytes

CC, corpus callosum; WM, white matter; Cingulum, CG; SLF, superior longitudinal fasciculus

SB, sedentary behavior; MPD, mobile phone dependence; PCE, prenatal cocaine exposure