Table 1.
Baseline Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
| Variable | Overall (n = 96) | Low Activation (n = 34) | High Activation (n = 62) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 56.9 ± 12.4 | 56.4 ± 12.9 | 57.2 ± 12.1 | .659 |
| Sex, female | 34 (35.4%) | 12 (35.3%) | 22 (35.5%) | .804 |
| Race | .930 | |||
| Black or African American | 37 (38.5%) | 14 (41.1%) | 23 (37.1%) | |
| Other or prefer not to answer | 28 (29.2%) | 9 (26.5%) | 19 (30.7%) | |
| White | 27 (28.1%) | 10 (29.4%) | 15 (27.4%) | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 4 (4.2%) | 1 (1.0%) | 3 (3.1%) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 34 (35.4%) | 12 (35.3%) | 22 (35.5%) | .985 |
| Country of origin | .278 | |||
| Dominican Republic or Puerto Rico | 20 (20.8%) | 9 (26.5%) | 11 (17.7%) | |
| United States | 55 (57.3%) | 19 (55.9%) | 36 (58.1%) | |
| Other | 21 (21.8%) | 6 (7.0%) | 15 (17.4%) | |
| Education | .005* | |||
| Some high school or less | 24 (25.0%) | 8 (23.5%) | 16 (25.8%) | |
| High School/some college/Associate’s degree | 47 (49.0%) | 21 (61.7%) | 26 (41.9%) | |
| College or more | 25 (26.0%) | 5 (14.7%) | 20 (32.3%) | |
| Spanish language preference | 16 (18.6%) | 6 (17.7%) | 12 (19.4%) | .840 |
| Income | .691 | |||
| Comfortable | 12 (12.6%) | 5 (14.7%) | 7 (11.5%) | |
| Have enough to make ends meet | 36 (37.9%) | 11 (32.4%) | 25 (41.0%) | |
| Not enough to make ends meet | 47 (49.5%) | 18 (52.9%) | 29 (47.5%) | |
| Partner | .936 | |||
| Single | 33 (34.4%) | 9 (26.5%) | 24 (38.7%) | |
| Married/partnered | 40 (41.7%) | 18 (52.9%) | 22 (35.5%) | |
| Divorced/separated | 14 (14.6%) | 5 (14.7%) | 9 (14.5%) | |
| Widowed | 9 (9.4%) | 2 (5.9%) | 7 (11.3%) | |
| Inadequate health literacy | ||||
| Completing medical forms by yourself | 84 (87.5%) | 29 (85.3%) | 55 (88.7%) | .749 |
| Difficulty with written information | 24 (25.0%) | 11 (32.4%) | 13 (21.0%) | .218 |
| Reading hospital materials | 15 (15.6%) | 8 (23.5%) | 7 (11.3%) | .114 |
| NYHA functional classification | .349 | |||
| I/II | 21 (21.9%) | 6 (17.7%) | 15 (24.2%) | |
| III/IV | 75 (78.1%) | 28 (82.4%) | 47 (75.8%) | |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 29.7 (±17.3) | 30.3 (±16.4) | 29.3 (±17.9) | .807 |
| Medications | .817* | |||
| Beta-blocker | 56 (73.7%) | 21 (77.8%) | 35 (71.4%) | |
| ACEI/ARB | 6 (7.9%) | 2 (7.4%) | 4 (8.2%) | |
| Diuretic | 14 (18.4%) | 4 (14.8%) | 10 (20.4%) | |
Results are presented as n (%) unless otherwise specified. Low activation is defined as a patient activation level of I or II and high activation as level III or IV. For continuous variables, P values were calculated with the use of 2-sample t tests. For categoric variables, P values were calculated with the use of chi-square tests. ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; NYHA, New York Heart Association.
*
Fisher exact test.