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. 2017 Oct 31;11:606. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00606

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Copyright © 2017 Toivanen, Pelkonen, Mäkinen, Ylä-Outinen, Sukki, Kallio, Ristola and Narkilahti.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Designs of the tunnel devices. The PDMS tunnel devices (A) consist of two cell plating areas that are interconnected by tunnels, and a reference electrode well. The two tunnel heights are presented in the lower right corner in (A). The red dashed lines indicate the cross section of a tunnel, in this case 100 μm wide. The numbers in (A) provide the tunnel widths (w) and heights (h) in μm. Tunnels with different dimensions were aligned on MEAs (B–F). Dark gray indicates PDMS bonded to the MEA surface, light grey represents cell cultivation areas in the tunnels and areas under the PDMS lid, while the red dashed lines indicate tunnel perimeters. The numbers in (B–F) provide the tunnel widths (w) and lengths (l) in μm.