Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Variable | Normal BMI | Overweight | Obesity | Underweight | Total | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographical information | ||||||
| N (%) | 2307 (61.55%) | 953 (25.43%) | 395 (10.54%) | 93 (2.48%) | 3748 | — |
| Age (years) | 69.37 ± 7.57 | 69.26 ± 7.34 | 68.71 ± 7.27 | 71.18 ± 9.12 | 69.33 ± 7.53 | 0.043 |
| Gender (female) | 1260 (54.61%) | 499 (52.36%) | 224 (56.71%) | 56 (60.21%) | 2039 (54.40%) | 0.156 |
| Height (cm) | 161.28 ± 8.06 | 161.24 ± 8.08 | 160.34 ± 8.86 | 159.65 ± 7.93 | 161.26 ± 15.19 | 0.057 |
| Weight (kg) | 58.17 ± 7.68 | 68.48 ± 7.11 | 77.4 ± 9.01 | 43.91 ± 4.73 | 62.37 ± 10.82 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 134.57 ± 22.62 | 135.8 ± 16.18 | 131.86 ± 16.55 | 134.67 ± 35.91 | 134.44 ± 19.98 | 0.948 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 64.5 ± 23.26 | 66.39 ± 22.9 | 78.64 ± 30.46 | 65 ± 13.45 | 67.12 ± 24.07 | 0.282 |
| HR (bpm) | 74.09 ± 14.21 | 74.26 ± 12.83 | 73.74 ± 12.23 | 76.45 ± 16.89 | 74.19 ± 13.73 | 0.405 |
| Lifestyle | ||||||
| Smoking (yes) | 424 (18.38%) | 181 (18.99%) | 90 (22.78%) | 15 (16.13%) | 710 (18.94%) | 0.148 |
| Alcohol (yes) | 368 (15.95%) | 173 (18.15%) | 82 (20.76%) | 6 (6.45%) | 629 (16.78%) | 0.004 |
| Dietary (unbalance) | 52 (2.25%) | 21 (2.20%) | 13 (3.29%) | 4 (4.30%) | 90 (2.40%) | 0.127 |
| Exercise (yes) | 1441 (62.46%) | 577 (60.55%) | 233 (58.99%) | 50 (53.76%) | 2301 (61.39%) | 0.18 |
| Medical history | ||||||
| HTN (yes) | 866 (37.54%) | 485 (50.89%) | 225 (56.96%) | 20 (21.51%) | 1596 (42.58%) | <0.001 |
| DM (yes) | 333 (14.43%) | 192 (20.15%) | 99 (25.06%) | 7 (7.53%) | 631 (16.84%) | <0.001 |
| CAD (yes) | 261 (11.31%) | 104 (10.91%) | 39 (9.87%) | 15 (16.13%) | 419 (11.18%) | 0.343 |
| MetS (yes) | 10 (0.43%) | 277 (29.06%) | 118 (29.87%) | 0 (0%) | 405 (10.80%) | <0.001 |
Note. SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HR: heart rate; HTN: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; CAD: coronary artery disease; and MetS: metabolic syndrome.