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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2017 Aug 14;220(8):1285–1294. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.08.003

Table 3.

Distribution of specific gravity-adjusted phthalate and DINCH metabolite concentrations (ng/ml) from 12 Ultrasound Gel Exposure Study pilot participants providing 34 urine samples.

Biomarker Sample 1
Geomean
(SD)		 Sample 2
Geomean
(SD)		 Sample 3
Geomean
(SD)		 Time Comparison p-value1,*
T1-T2 T2-T3 T1-T3
Low Molecular Weight Phthalate
MMP 2.2 (0.69) 1.8 (0.60) 3.3 (0.99) 0.42 0.25 0.43
MEP 25.5 (10.3) 24.1 (9.4) 32.2 (10.8) 0.79 0.92 0.92
MBP 3.5 (1.1) 1.8 (0.40) 6.6 (0.80) 0.04* 0.002* 0.13
MiBP 3.5 (1.1) 1.8 (0.40) 6.5 (0.79) 0.13 0.002* 0.08
MHBP 0.57 (0.13) 0.63 (0.10) 0.59 (0.14) 0.97 1.0 1.0
MHiBP 2.5(0.55) 1.8 (0.27) 3.0 (0.54) 0.15 0.02* 0.32
High Molecular Weight Phthalate
MCPP 0.84 (0.21) 0.73 (0.21) 1.5 (0.46) 0.20 0.04* 0.06
MBzP 1.3 (0.68) 0.8 (0.20) 2.4 (0.53) 0.20 0.004* 0.13
MEHP 0.90 (0.20) 0.98 (0.14) 1.8 (0.39) 0.68 0.05* 0.08
MEOHP 2.6 (0.50) 1.8 (0.36) 5.5 (1.0) 0.18 0.002* 0.04*
MNP 0.55 (0.13) 0.78 (0.20) 1.1 (0.43) 0.11 0.98 0.08
MEHHP 3.1 (0.68) 2.2 (0.46) 7.1 (1.4) 0.38 0.002* 0.03*
MECPP 4.7 (0.75) 3.8 (0.67) 9.0 (1.9) 0.20 0.002* 0.02*
MCOP 7.6 (1.5) 6.4 (1.9) 10.7 (3.1) 0.27 0.08 0.19
MCNP 1.6 (0.25) 1.4 (0.20) 2.2 (0.50) 0.20 0.10 0.16
sumDEHP 1.0 (0.22) 1.1 (0.15) 2.0 (0.45) 0.85 0.04* 0.08
DINCH (DEHP Substitute)
MHiNCH 0.72 (0.22) 0.90 (0.31) 0.74 (0.43) 0.38 0.06 0.01*
MCOCH 0.43 (0.08) 0.76 (0.23) 0.55 (0.24) 0.01* 0.38 0.70

ABBREVIATIONS: mono-methyl phthalate (MMP); monoethyl phthalate (MEP); mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP); mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP); mono-3-hydroxy-n-butyl phthalate (MHBP); mono-hydroxyisobutyl phthalate (MHiBP); mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP); monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP); mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP); mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP); monoisononyl phthalate (MNP); mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP); mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP); monocarboxyisooctyl phthalate (MCOP); monocarboxyisononyl phthalate (MCNP); di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP); cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-mono(hydroxy-isononyl) ester (MHiNCH); cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-monocarboxy isooctyl ester (MCOCH).

1

Time 1 (T1); Time 2 (T2); Time 3 (T3) and

*

connotes significant p-value (<0.05) using signed-rank test of significance.

Note: Mean (SD) specific gravity by sample: Sample 1: 1.016 (0.005); Sample 2: 1.009 (0.006); Sample 3: 1.017 (0.008)