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. 2017 Jul 10;36(44):6143–6153. doi: 10.1038/onc.2017.209

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

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Graphic model as discussed in the text. PD-1 expression on NK cells is enhanced in digestive cancer patients, and is further induced when stimulated. Ligation of PD-1 on NK cells with PD-L1 on tumor cells inhibits activation PI3K/AKT signaling of NK cells and thus suppresses NK–cell-mediated anti-tumor activity. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade treatment rescues NK-cell function and may benefit digestive cancer patients.