K562-MVs educate BM-MSCs to secrete TGF-β1 by nucleic acid transfer. PBS, non-MV supernatant and KG1-MVs (400 ng/mL) served as controls. NMSCs were treated with K562-MVs at 200 or 400 ng/mL for 72 h. (A) TGF-β1 mRNA was detected with real-time quantitative PCR and analyzed using the 2−ΔΔCT method. K562-MVs at 400 ng/mL were found to promote NMSCs to express significantly higher levels of TGF-β1 mRNA (nsP>0.05; **P<0.01, n=5), and (B) the levels of TGF-β1 secreted by K562-MV-treated NMSCs were also significantly enhanced (nsP>0.05; **P<0.01, n=5). (C) Pretreatment of K562-MVs at 400 ng/mL with RNase (1 U/mL) abolished the enhanced effect of K562-MVs on TGF-β1 mRNA expressed by the NMSCs (**P<0.01, n=4). (D) K562-MVs at 400 ng/mL were found to promote NMSCs to express significantly higher levels of TGF-β1 protein (nsP>0.05; **P<0.01, n=5). Bars, SD.