Mean changes in lipid profile throughout the 6-month intervention.
Panel A shows the results for total cholesterol, Panel B for HDL cholesterol, Panel C for LDL cholesterol, Panel D for non-HDL cholesterol, Panel E for total/HDL cholesterol, Panel F for apolipoprotein A1, Panel G for apolipoprotein B, Panel H for triglyceride. Data are based on mixed-model analysis of variance. The P value at the lower left indicates the test of whether the change between baseline and intervention period (mean of each month) differed significantly between participants assigned to three diet groups. The P values for the comparison between the LF-HC group and the MF-MC group are 0.004 for total cholesterol, 0.03 for HDL cholesterol, 0.05 for LDL cholesterol, and 0.03 for non-HDL cholesterol. The P values for the comparison between the HF-LC group and the MF-MC group are 0.19 for the total cholesterol, 0.77 for HDL cholesterol, 0.48 for LDL cholesterol, and 0.27 for non-HDL cholesterol. The P values for the comparison between the LF-HC group and the HF-HC group are < 0.001 for total cholesterol, 0.004 for HDL cholesterol, 0.001 for LDL cholesterol, and 0.003 for non-HDL cholesterol. LF-HC = lower fat, higher carbohydrate. MF-MC = moderate fat, moderate carbohydrate. HF-LC = higher fat, lower carbohydrate.