Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of the intention-to-treat population.
| LF-HC diet (n = 101) | MF-MC diet (n = 105) | HF-LC diet (n = 101) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 23.4 (3.6) | 23.2 (3.9) | 23.7 (4.3) |
| Female | 51 (50%) | 55 (52%) | 49 (48%) |
| Northern area | 49 (49%) | 56 (53%) | 47 (46%) |
| Weight (kg) | 60.4 (10.4) | 59.6 (10·1) | 62.2 (10.5) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.7 (2.5) | 21.8 (2.6) | 21.9 (2.5) |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||
| Systolic | 117.0 (10.7) | 115.5 (9.3) | 116.0 (9.5) |
| Diastolic | 70.9 (7.1) | 69.5 (6.6) | 71.1 (7.0) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 76.4 (10.0) | 76.8 (9.4) | 77.8 (9.9) |
| Blood biomarkers | |||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.2 (0.8) | 4.1 (0.7) | 4.1 (0.6) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.4 (0.6) | 2.4 (0.6) | 2.4 (0.5) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.3) |
| Total/HDL cholesterol | 2.8 (0.6) | 2.9 (0.7) | 2.9 (0.6) |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.7 (0.7) | 2.6 (0.7) | 2.7 (0.6) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.8 (0.4) |
| Apolipoprotein A1 (mmol/L) | 1.6 (0.2) | 1.6 (0.2) | 1.6 (0.2) |
| Apolipoprotein B (mmol/L) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.1) |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.2 (0.5) | 4.1 (0.5) | 4.1 (0.6) |
| Glycated serum protein (μmol/L) | 258.0 (17.2) | 257.8 (16.2) | 256.6 (17.7) |
| Insulin (pmol/mL) | 71.0 (23.0) | 70.3 (25.1) | 70.3 (24.4) |
| Adiponectin (mg/L) | 11.6 (4.0) | 11.7 (4.4) | 12.0 (4.1) |
| Leptin (μg/L) | 5.0 (3.3) | 4.9 (3.5) | 5.0 (3.5) |
| Dietary intakes | |||
| Energy (male, kcal/day) | 2099.0 (128.8) | 2097.9 (123.8) | 2082.6 (107.1) |
| Energy (female, kcal/day) | 1688.3 (97.7) | 1705.5 (89.3) | 1696.8 (96.6) |
| Total fat (% of TE) | 30.3 (5.0) | 31.0 (4.2) | 31.0 (4.4) |
| Carbohydrate (% of TE) | 55.6 (5.0) | 55.1 (4.1) | 54.8 (4.4) |
| Protein (% of TE) | 14.0 (1.9) | 14.0 (1.9) | 14.2 (1.9) |
| Cholesterol (mg/day) | 389.8 (354.0) | 370.3 (303.5) | 363.5 (314.8) |
| Fiber (g/day) | 13.5 (5.6) | 13.1 (5.5) | 13.5 (5.5) |
| Physical activity (kcal/kg/h) | 3.4 (1.7) | 3.3 (2.0) | 3.0 (1.5) |
Data are mean (SD) or n (%). LF-HC = lower fat, higher carbohydrate. MF-MC = moderate fat, moderate carbohydrate. HF-LC = higher fat, lower carbohydrate. BMI = body mass index. LDL = low-density lipoprotein. HDL = high-density lipoprotein. TE = total energy.