Table 2.

Effect of substrate on cryopreservation outcome.

Substrate	Reference	Properties
Alginate fibrin beads	Bhakta et al. [7]	(i) Dehydration of beads causes crumpling (ii) Matricellular environment unaltered (iii) Cell proliferation and viability not affected (iv) Highly biocompatible
Chondrite sheets	Maehara et al. [26]	(i) Structural integrity maintained (ii) Microstructure is not affected (iii) Membranous structure important for functionality
Alginate-poly-L-lysine	Murua et al. [30]	(i) High chemical resistance and stability (ii) Efficient therapeutic effect in vivo (iii) Aided in neovascularization leading to higher haemocrit levels (iv) Biosafety and long-term functionality of microcapsules
Agarose microencapsulation	Carlos et al. [61]	(i) Young's modulus reduced (ii) Diffusion coefficient varied (iii) Occurrence of cryopreservative damage (iv) Insulin secretion increment with respect to glucose concentration
Hydroxyapatite scaffolds	Altankov et al. [3]	(i) Detrimental cell surface interaction (ii) Cell detachment (iii) Altered thermal properties (iv) Postthaw viability enhanced correspondingly with number density