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Artist's depiction of cross-section through the mammalian ER with a focus on signal transduction and protein biogenesis. The non-annotated structures refer to a not yet-folded polypeptide, a natively folded protein, and an aggregate of non-native polypeptides, respectively. AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; IP3R, IP3-receptor; SERCA, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase. The cartoon is based on Zimmermann (2016). See text for details.
