Table 2.
Web-based 24-h recalls* | Telephone-based 24-h recalls* | Difference between both recall methods* | LCC* | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | %† | P | ||
Energy | |||||||||
kcal | 1911 | 507 | 2081 | 465 | −171 | 430 | −8·20 | <0·0001 | 0·57 |
kJ | 8014 | 2122 | 8728 | 1947 | −714 | 1795 | −8·18 | <0·0001 | 0·58 |
Macronutrients | |||||||||
Total protein (g) | 74·8 | 11·8 | 82·2 | 13·3 | −7·46 | 13·6 | −9·07 | <0·0001 | 0·35 |
Vegetable protein (g) | 32·1 | 6·95 | 33·8 | 6·89 | −1·64 | 6·58 | −4·86 | <0·0001 | 0·53 |
Animal protein (g) | 42·8 | 13·7 | 48·4 | 14·9 | −5·69 | 15·2 | −11·7 | <0·0001 | 0·41 |
Total fat (g) | 70·3 | 11·7 | 79·4 | 11·7 | −9·16 | 12·5 | −11·5 | <0·0001 | 0·33 |
SFA (g) | 27·0 | 6·10 | 29·3 | 5·88 | −2·29 | 6·01 | −7·83 | <0·0001 | 0·46 |
MUFA (g) | 23·8 | 5·79 | 27·2 | 5·73 | −3·38 | 6·38 | −12·4 | <0·0001 | 0·33 |
PUFA (g) | 12·9 | 3·87 | 15·8 | 4·25 | −2·89 | 4·71 | −18·3 | <0·0001 | 0·26 |
Linoleic acid (g) | 10·5 | 3·37 | 12·8 | 3·77 | −2·35 | 4·13 | −18·3 | <0·0001 | 0·27 |
Trans-fatty acids (g) | 1·36 | 0·73 | 1·30 | 0·63 | 0·07 | 0·85 | 5·30 | 0·07 | 0·22 |
α-Linolenic acid (g) | 1·36 | 0·48 | 1·75 | 0·56 | −0·39 | 0·62 | −22·4 | <0·0001 | 0·23 |
EPA (g) | 0·10 | 0·21 | 0·12 | 0·19 | −0·02 | 0·23 | −17·2 | 0·05 | 0·30 |
DHA (g) | 0·13 | 0·33 | 0·17 | 0·30 | −0·04 | 0·38 | −22·3 | 0·02 | 0·26 |
Cholesterol (g) | 203 | 102 | 212 | 95·6 | −9·29 | 115 | −4·37 | 0·07 | 0·32 |
Total carbohydrates (g) | 210 | 32·2 | 223 | 33·7 | −13·5 | 30·5 | −6·05 | <0·0001 | 0·53 |
Mono- and disaccharides (g) | 86·9 | 25·6 | 100 | 27·3 | −13·1 | 24·9 | −13·1 | <0·0001 | 0·50 |
Polysaccharides (g) | 123 | 24·8 | 123 | 22·6 | −0·42 | 23·3 | −0·34 | 0·68 | 0·52 |
Dietary fibre (g) | 21·6 | 5·68 | 23·2 | 5·83 | −1·59 | 5·14 | −6·85 | <0·0001 | 0·58 |
Alcohol (g) | 12·6 | 14·7 | 12·7 | 13·5 | −0·05 | 10·9 | −0·39 | 0·92 | 0·70 |
Micronutrients | |||||||||
Ca (mg) | 926 | 266 | 1048 | 286 | −122 | 258 | −11·6 | <0·0001 | 0·52 |
K (mg) | 3131 | 579 | 3407 | 570 | −275 | 575 | −8·08 | <0·0001 | 0·45 |
β-Carotene (μg) | 2263 | 2703 | 2328 | 2484 | −65·6 | 3100 | −2·82 | 0·63 | 0·29 |
Vitamin B1 (mg) | 0·98 | 0·36 | 0·99 | 0·28 | −0·01 | 0·42 | −1·15 | 0·54 | 0·15 |
Vitamin B2 (mg) | 1·37 | 0·37 | 1·49 | 0·40 | −0·13 | 0·40 | −8·51 | <0·0001 | 0·45 |
Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1·56 | 0·54 | 1·73 | 0·54 | −0·17 | 0·58 | −9·71 | <0·0001 | 0·40 |
Vitamin B12 (μg) | 4·25 | 3·00 | 5·07 | 3·64 | −0·82 | 3·94 | −16·1 | <0·0001 | 0·30 |
Vitamin D (μg) | 3·08 | 1·86 | 3·36 | 1·88 | −0·28 | 2·27 | −8·38 | 0·01 | 0·26 |
Vitamin E (mg) | 11·0 | 4·20 | 13·1 | 4·18 | −2·01 | 4·88 | −15·4 | <0·0001 | 0·29 |
Vitamin C (mg) | 89·5 | 49·8 | 98·3 | 49·2 | −8·76 | 54·3 | −8·91 | 0·00 | 0·39 |
Lycopene (μg) | 1342 | 2106 | 2165 | 3317 | −823 | 3429 | −38·0 | <0·0001 | 0·23 |
Retinol activity equivalents (μg) | 730 | 617 | 800 | 595 | −70·4 | 809 | −8·79 | 0·05 | 0·11 |
Folic acid equivalents (μg) | 254 | 86·0 | 298 | 97·2 | −44·7 | 97·4 | −15·0 | <0·0001 | 0·39 |
Intakes of nutrients and LCC are based on energy-adjusted values; energy-adjusted intakes were calculated using the residual method.
Proportional difference is calculated as ((mean of web-based 24 h dietary recall) – (mean of telephone-based 24 h dietary recall))/(mean of telephone-based 24 h dietary recall) × 100.