Table 2.
Plasma biochemical and hormonal measurements†
(Mean values and standard deviations, n 8)
| Groups | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C6 | HSF6 | C12 | HSF12 | C24 | HSF24 | ||||||||||
| Variables | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P diet | P time | P interaction |
| TAG (mmol/l) | 0·47A,B | 0·13 | 1·03*a,b | 0·32 | 0·43A | 0·04 | 0·93*a | 0·25 | 0·58B | 0·17 | 1·14*b | 0·25 | <0·001 | 0·0150 | 0·2970 |
| NEFA (mmol/l) | 0·3 | 0·1 | 0·3 | 0·1 | 0·4 | 0·1 | 0·4 | 0·1 | 0·3 | 0·1 | 0·4 | 0·1 | 0·0192 | 0·0515 | 0·4190 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 4·77 | 0·58 | 5·68* | 0·40 | 6·53 | 1·17 | 7·77* | 1·39 | 5·38 | 0·04 | 6·51* | 0·71 | <0·001 | 0·0069 | 0·7055 |
| Insulin (ng/ml) | 1·9 | 0·8 | 3·9* | 1·6 | 2·7 | 2·1 | 4·2* | 1·3 | 2·4 | 0·8 | 5·4* | 1·6 | <0·001 | 0·1487 | 0·3074 |
| HOMA-IR | 0·9 | 0·5 | 3·8 | 2·5 | 2·5 | 4·4 | 4·2 | 2·4 | 1·4 | 1·1 | 7·0* | 4·8 | <0·001 | 0·232 | 0·194 |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 2·5A | 0·8 | 6·2*a | 0·8 | 2·8A,B | 0·7 | 11·4*b | 5·8 | 3·7B | 2·4 | 13·9*b | 3·2 | <0·001 | 0·0053 | 0·5502 |
| Adiponectin (ng/ml) | 19·4 | 7·2 | 11·4* | 1·6 | 20·1 | 4·4 | 11·7* | 2·6 | 19·0 | 4·0 | 13·1* | 1·6 | <0·001 | 0·724 | 0·370 |
C6, control diet for 6 weeks; HSF6, high-sugar/fat diet for 6 weeks; C12, control diet for 12 weeks; HSF12, high-sugar/fat diet for 12 weeks; C24, control diet for 24 weeks; HSF24, high-sugar/fat diet for 24 weeks; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment.
A,B Mean values within a row with unlike uppercase letters were significantly different among the C groups (6 v. 12 v. 24 weeks) (P < 0·05).
a,b Mean values within a row with unlike lowercase letters were significantly different among the HSF groups (6 v. 12 v. 24 weeks) (P < 0·05).
* Mean value was significantly different from that for the C group at the same time point (P < 0·05).
† Comparisons among groups were performed using two-way ANOVA for independent groups and were completed using Tukey's post hoc test.