Table 3.
Neuropsychological Tests administered, grouped by construct.
| Construct | Test | Description of Test | Scoring Criteria |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive Flexibility | D-KEFS Trail-Making Number-Letter Switching | Participants switch back and forth between connecting numbers and letters in sequential order. | Time to completion |
| D-KEFS Verbal Fluency Category Switching | Participants are asked to generate words, switching between two difference semantic categories (fruits and pieces of furniture). | Number of responses in 60 seconds | |
| D-KEFS Design Fluency Switching | Participants are asked to connect dots, switching between empty and filled dots to generate novel designs. | Number of designs in 60 seconds | |
| NIH Toolbox Dimensional Change Cart Sort | Participants match test pictures to target pictures, first on one dimension (e.g. shape) and then on the other dimension (e.g. color). | Accuracy and reaction time | |
| Inhibitory Control | D-KEFS Color Word Interference Inhibition | Participants must inhibit proponent response (reading) in order to say color ink as quickly as possible. | Time to completion |
| NIH Toolbox Flanker Inhibitory Control | Participants focus on middle arrow while inhibiting attention to surrounding arrows flanking it and respond by selecting direction of middle arrow. | Accuracy and reaction time | |
| Planning | D-KEFS Tower | Participants must move circles on pegs to obtain a target order while following specific rules. | Number of moves to complete trial |
| Rey-Ostereith Complex Figure Test - Copy | The subject must copy a complex geometric figure using organizational strategies | Scored on accuracy and location | |
| Psychomotor Performance | D-KEFS Trail-Making Motor Speed | Participant trace over a dotted line as quickly as possible | Time to completion |
| NIH Toolbox Pattern Comparison | Participants discern whether two side-by-side pictures are the same or not. The items are designed to be simple to measure processing speed. | Number of responses in 90 seconds | |
| Working Memory | NIH Toolbox List Sorting Working Memory | Recall and sequencing of different visually and orally presented stimuli. Pictures are displayed with accompanying audio recording and written text, and the participant is asked to say the items back in size order | Number of items recalled and sequenced correctly |
| NIH Toolbox Picture Sequence Memory | Participants recall increasingly lengthy series of illustrated objects. Sequence length varies increases in difficulty. | Number of items recalled and sequenced correctly |