Table 3.
Orexin effects on cancer cell survivala.
| System | Organ | Cell type | OXA | OXB |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Digestive system | Colon | HCT-116 | Induced autophagy (resistance to apoptosis), reduced cell viability, and promoted apoptosis;11 no significant effect2 | No significant effect2,8 |
| HT-29 | Induced significant apoptosis2,9 and inhibited cell growth9 | Induced significant apoptosis2,9 and inhibited cell growth9 | ||
| HT29-FU | Induced significant apoptosis2 | Induced significant apoptosis2 | ||
| HT29-DR | Suppression of cell growth and induction of apoptosis8 | Suppression of cell growth and induction of apoptosis8 | ||
| SW48 | Induced significant apoptosis2 | Induced significant apoptosis2 | ||
| SW620 | Induced significant apoptosis2 | Induced significant apoptosis2 | ||
| SW480 | Induced significant apoptosis2 | Reduced cell production8
Induced significant apoptosis2,8 |
||
| Caco-2 | Induced significant apoptosis2 | Reduced cell production8
Induced significant apoptosis2,8 |
||
| LoVo | Induced significant apoptosis2 | Reduced cell production8
Induced significant apoptosis2,8 |
||
| Colo205 | Induced significant apoptosis2 | Induced significant apoptosis2 | ||
| T84 | Induced significant apoptosis2 | Induced significant apoptosis2 | ||
| LS174T | Induced significant apoptosis2 | Induced significant apoptosis2 | ||
| Xenograft LoVo tumor | Drastic reduction in tumor size2 | |||
| Xenograft HT29 tumor | Drastic reduction in tumor size2 | |||
| Xenograft HCT-116 tumor | No effect2 | |||
| Stomach | BGC-823 | Increased OX1R expression; 1.5-fold increase in cell proliferation and viability12 | ||
| SGC-7901 | Stimulated cell proliferation and viability13 | |||
| Liver | Hep3B | Increased glucose uptake14 | ||
| Endocrine/reproductive system | Prostate | LNCaP | Significantly decreased cell survival;15 significantly reduced androgen receptor nuclear translocation in the presence of testosterone15 | |
| DU145 | Increased cell growth in non-differentiated cells;9 induced significant apoptosis in differentiated cells9 | Increased cell growth in non-differentiated cells;9 induced significant apoptosis in differentiated cells9 | ||
| Endometrium | ECC-1 | No apoptosis effect18 | No apoptosis effect18 | |
| Ishikawa | No apoptosis effect18 | No apoptosis effect18 | ||
| MFE-280 | No apoptosis effect18 | No apoptosis effect18 | ||
| Adrenal gland (cortex) | Clinical samples of adenomas | Increased basal cortisol levels; increased proliferation7 | No effect on basal cortisol levels; increased proliferation7 | |
| NCI-H295R | Increased cortisol secretion;21,22 down-regulated OX2R mRNA;21 increased OX1R mRNA;22 enhanced cell proliferation22 | |||
| Adrenal gland (medullary) | PC12 | Decreased tyrosine hydroxylase19 | Decreased tyrosine hydroxylase19 | |
| Clinical samples of PC | Increased IP3, epinephrine and norepinephrine release20 | Increased IP3, epinephrine, and norepinephrine release20 | ||
| Central nervous system | Brain | Rat glioma C6 | Significantly decreased cell viability at a dose of 1 μM; IC50 of 4.7 nM23 | Non-statistically significant decreased cell viability23 |
OXA: orexin A; OXB: orexin B; PC: pheochromocytoma.
a
Originally compiled summary of data from references cited within table.