Table 3.
Prenatal Cortisol and Offspring Educational Attainment
| Panel A: Quintiles of Cortisol | (1) | (2) | (3) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Top quintile prenatal cortisol | −0.471 [0.159] | −0.342 [0.183] | −1.148 [0.440] |
| Bottom quintile prenatal cortisol | −0.138 [0.193] | −0.248 [0.191] | −0.241 [0.380] |
| Black | 0.193 [0.192] | 0.177 [0.253] | |
| Maternal education | 0.215 [0.0396] | 0.188 [0.0477] | |
| Mother single at birth | −0.0167 [0.263] | −0.899 [0.370] | −0.211 [0.980] |
| Maternal age at birth | 0.0383 [0.0192] | 0.0313 [0.0220] | −0.138 [0.153] |
| Income at birth in $1000s | 0.0126 [0.00664] | −0.00336 [0.00733] | −0.00537 [0.0122] |
| Mother working while pregnant | 0.106 [0.232] | 0.130 [0.221] | −0.0287 [0.305] |
| Male | −0.507 [0.157] | −0.108 [0.166] | −0.503 [0.231] |
| Birth order | −0.0531 [0.0584] | −0.0729 [0.0779] | 0.240 [0.268] |
| Number of siblings at age 7 | −0.102 [0.0540] | −0.101 [0.0619] | 0.116 [0.176] |
| Husband at home | 0.583 [0.195] | 0.474 [0.249] | −0.327 [0.578] |
| Number moves birth to age 7 | −0.0310 [0.0570] | −0.168 [0.0550] | −0.0437 [0.158] |
| Providence | 0.0124 [0.198] | 0.00634 [0.196] | |
| Pregnancy complication | −0.100 [0.177] | −0.0382 [0.171] | 0.264 [0.276] |
| Gestation at draw date | 0.000178 [0.0499] | −0.0258 [0.0522] | 0.0585 [0.0740] |
| Constant | 10.16 [1.821] | 12.02 [1.763] | 14.76 [4.247] |
| Observations | 980 | 376 | 386 |
| R-squared | 0.206 | 0.234 | 0.111 |
| Panel B: Linear Cortisol | (1) | (2) | (3) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Free cortisol | −0.00500 [0.00417] | −0.00184 [0.00431] | −0.0295 [0.0142] |
| Constant | 10.14 [1.834] | 11.93 [1.772] | 13.66 [4.193] |
| Observations | 977 | 375 | 385 |
| R-squared | 0.199 | 0.228 | 0.097 |
|
| |||
| Sample | Full | Sibling | Sibling |
| Full controls | Y | Y | Y |
| Maternal FE included | N | N | Y |
Note: Robust standard errors in brackets