Table 3. Association of the investigated factors with class membership (n = 650).
| Variables | Recurrent risk (class 2) | Postnatal risk (class 3) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Psychosocial factors | ||||
| Anxiety symptoms1, a | 1.13 (1.03, 1.25) | .014 | 1.12 (1.01, 1.24) | .028 |
| Disability1, b | 1.02 (0.96, 1.09) | .525 | 1.06 (1.00, 1.12) | .063 |
| Partner support3, c | 0.81 (0.64, 1.03) | .081 | 0.94 (0.72, 1.21) | .613 |
| Mother support3, c | 1.04 (0.84, 1.29) | .740 | 1.01 (0.81, 1.25) | .953 |
| Economic stress3, d | 1.93 (1.25, 2.96) | .003 | 1.22 (0.79, 1.88) | .371 |
| Marital stress3, e | 0.60 (0.24, 1.51) | .277 | 0.71 (0.27, 1.88) | .490 |
| Family stress3, e | 1.31 (0.74, 2.30) | .355 | 1.98 (1.06, 3.68) | .031 |
| Experience of violence3, e | 1.05 (0.45, 2.46) | .916 | 0.69 (0.23, 2.13) | .523 |
| Sociodemographic factors | ||||
| Country1, f | 0.38 (0.12, 1.21) | .101 | 0.14 (0.03, 0.56) | .006 |
| Age of woman in years1 | 1.07 (0.97, 1.17) | .165 | 1.01 (0.92, 1.10) | .881 |
| SES1, g | 1.21 (0.40, 3.68) | .735 | 1.53 (0.51, 4.64) | .450 |
| Educational experience1, h | 0.61 (0.22, 1.66) | .330 | 0.35 (0.12, 1.05) | .061 |
| Marital status1, j | 1.00 (0.26, 3.92) | .99 | 0.90 (0.26, 3.17) | .872 |
| Number of children from relatives or acquaintances living in household3, k | 1.00 (0.68, 1.49) | .990 | 0.90 (0.63, 1.30) | .578 |
| Obstetric factors | ||||
| Gestational age in weeks2 | 0.91 (0.67, 1.23) | .541 | 0.77 (056, 1.05) | .093 |
| Apgar score after 1 minute2, m | 1.31 (0.49, 3.50) | .594 | 0.86 (0.34, 2.18) | .757 |
| Sex of child2, n | 1.35 (0.58, 3.15) | .486 | 0.86 (0.37, 1.99) | .723 |
| Weight of child in kg2 | 1.32 (0.52, 3.34) | .553 | 0.34 (0.11, 1.07) | .066 |
| Caesarian section current birth2, p | 2.12 (0.67, 6.67) | .210 | 1.10 (0.24, 5.18) | .900 |
| Number of pregnancies before inclusion1 | 1.04 (0.82, 1.33) | .744 | 1.06 (0.83, 1.37) | .631 |
| Pregnancy complications before inclusion1, p | 0.44 (0.14, 1.42) | .169 | 0.98 (0.33, 2.87) | .968 |
| Caesarian section before inclusion1, p | 0.66 (0.11, 3.94) | .650 | 0.66 (0.09, 4.61) | .674 |
| Mother pregnant since last birth3, p | 3.11 (1.10, 8.79) | .033 | 0.55 (0.14, 2.14) | .388 |
| Health care utilization3, q | 1.04 (0.92, 1.17) | .543 | 1.09 (0.97, 1.24) | .159 |
Note. The asymptomatic class was used as reference class.
1 assessed at inclusion.
2 assessed at birth.
3 assessed 2 years after birth.
OR = odds ratio (OR above 1 indicates higher odds of belonging to the respective class compared to the reference class, OR below 1 indicates lower odds of belonging to the respective class compared to the reference class); CI = confidence interval.
a GAD-7 sum score: range from 0 to 21; higher scores represent higher level of anxiety symptoms.
b WHO-DAS II sum score: range from 12 to 60; higher scores represent higher level of disability.
c Range from 0 to 6; 3 items answered on a three point scale; higher scores represent higher level of support.
d Range from 0 to 3; 3 items with a dichotomous response format (0 = no; 1 = yes); higher scores represent higher level of stress.
e Range from 0 to 2; 2 items with a dichotomous response format (0 = no; 1 = yes); higher scores represent higher level of stress.
f 1 = CIV; 2 = GHA.
g SES: The median was used to differentiate between low (0) and high (1).
h dichotomized: 0 = none formal education and primary education; 1 = secondary education and tertiary education
j dichotomized: 0 = never married, separated, divorced, or widowed; 1 = currently married or cohabiting
k Wording of item: “Are there any other children of relatives/acquaintances in your household that you have to take care of?”
m Apgar score after 1 minute: dichotomized: 0 = 5 to 8; 1 = 9 to 10.
n 1 = male; 2 = female.
p 0 = no; 1 = yes.
q Number of unscheduled visits of women with women’s sick children.