TABLE 2.
Baseline clinical characteristics of patients with normokalemia with unilateral or bilateral adrenal venous sampling results
| Variable | Unilateral AVS, n = 64 | Bilateral AVS, n = 84 | P |
| Age (years) | 48.6 ± 12.1 | 50.7 ± 10.2 | 0.248 |
| Sex (male) | 43 (65.2) | 51 (58.0) | 0.365 |
| Hypertension duration (years) | 6 (2–11) | 10 (3–17) | 0.064 |
| Number of antihypertensive drugs | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 0.880 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 143 ± 16 | 147 ± 20 | 0.166 |
| DPB (mmHg) | 87 ± 13 | 87 ± 13 | 0.810 |
| History of hypokalemia | 56 (84.8) | 46 (52.3) | <0.001 |
| Lowest potassium level (mmol/l) | 2.7 (2.4–3.1) | 2.9 (2.5–3.2) | 0.448 |
| Serum potassium level (mmol/l) | 3.8 ± 0.2 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 0.004 |
| Serum sodium level (mmol/l) | 140.7 ± 3.2 | 139.8 ± 2.9 | 0.060 |
| KCL supplementation | 37 (56.9) | 34 (38.6) | 0.029 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 97.9 ± 26.6 | 93.8 ± 16.8 | 0.272 |
| 24-h urinary Na+ level (mmol/24 h) | 170.9 ± 82.2 | 146.3 ± 64.1 | 0.052 |
| 24-h urinary K+ level (mmol/24 h) | 66.3 ± 33.0 | 50.8 ± 24.2 | 0.003 |
| Supine PAC (ng/dl) | 29.4 ± 18.2 | 20.4 ± 10.6 | <0.001 |
| Standing PAC (ng/dl) | 27.3 ± 15.7 | 23.5 ± 11.0 | 0.081 |
| Standing PRA (ng/ml per h) | 0.43 (0.23–1.13) | 0.61 (0.29–1.22) | 0.314 |
| ARR (ng dl/ng ml h) | 45.2 (20.0–135.1) | 32.2 (18.0–69.7) | 0.175 |
| 24-h urinary aldosterone level (μg/24 h) | 18.3 (10.5–27.7) | 12.1 (8.1–16.8) | <0.001 |
| Typical adenoma ≥10 mm on CT | 18 (27) | 17 (19) | 0.244 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or n (%). ARR, aldosterone-to-renin ratio; AVS, adrenal venous sampling; CT, computed tomography; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; KCL, potassium chloride; PAC, plasma aldosteronism concentration; PRA, plasma renin activity.