Table 2. Baseline Characteristics.
| No. of Participants (%) | ||||||
| Characteristics | Total | Primary | Secondary | P Value | ||
| (n = 216) | (n =161) | (n=55) | ||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 76.38 (4.27) | 76.40 (4.23) | 76.45 (4.50) | 0.94 | ||
| Ischemic | ||||||
| Yes | 191 (88.0) | 139 (86.3) | 51 (92.7) | 0.21 | ||
| No | 26 (12.0) | 22 (13.7) | 4 (7.3) | |||
| DM | ||||||
| Yes | 119 (54.3) | 91 (56.9) | 28 (50.9) | 0.44 | ||
| No | 100 (45.7) | 69 (43.1) | 27 (40.1) | |||
| Hypertension | ||||||
| Yes | 209 (95.0) | 156 (96.9) | 51 (92.7) | 0.18 | ||
| No | 11 (5.0) | 5 (3.1) | 4 (7.3) | |||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Current smoker | 48 (21.9) | 36 (22.5) | 10 (18.2) | 0.78 | ||
| Former smoker | 70 (32.0) | 52 (32.5) | 18 (32.7) | |||
| No smoking | 101 (46.1) | 72 (45.0) | 27 (49.1) | |||
| History of Hyperlipidemia | ||||||
| Yes | 169 (77.2) | 126 (78.7) | 42 (76.4) | 0.71 | ||
| No | 50 (22.8) | 34 (21.3) | 13 (23.6) | |||
| GFR time, mean (SD), ml/min | 59.8 (21.3) | 59.7 (21.6) | 60.3 (20.4) | 0.88 | ||
| Chronic Kidney Disease | ||||||
| Yes | 91 (41.5) | 67 (41.9) | 24 (43.6) | 0.82 | ||
| No | 128 (58.5) | 93 (58.1) | 31 (56.4) | |||
| Atrial Fibrillation | ||||||
| Yes | 76 (34.5) | 65 (40.4) | 11 (20.0) | 0.0063 | ||
| No | 144 (65.5) | 96 (59.6) | 44 (80.0) | |||
| Coronary artery disease | ||||||
| Yes | 186 (84.5) | 138 (85.7) | 47 (85.5) | 0.96 | ||
| No | 34 (15.5) | 23 (14.3) | 8 (14.5) | |||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | ||||||
| Yes | 62 (28.3) | 43 (26.9) | 18 (32.7) | 0.41 | ||
| No | 157 (71.7) | 117 (73.1) | 37 (67.3) | |||
| Transient ischemic attack/stroke | ||||||
| Yes | 18(8.2) | 15 (9.4) | 3 (5.5) | 0.37 | ||
| No | 201 (91.8) | 145(90.6) | 52 (94.5) | |||