Table 3. List of articles that ablated on dominant frequency sites.

AF = Atrial Fibrillation; CFAE = Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrograms; CPVI = Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation; CS = Coronary Sinus; DF = Dominant Frequency; HFSA = High-Frequency Source Ablation; LA = Left Atrium; PVAI = Pulmonary Vein Antral Isolation; PV-PLAW = Pulmonary Veins-Posterior Left Atrial Wall; PVI = Pulmonary Vein Isolation; RA = Right Atrium; RI = Regularity Index. (*Prospective study, **Prospective and Retrospective study, § Randomized Controlled Trial)

Author and year	DF definition	Type of Population	Ablation	Clinical Correlation	Areas assessed	Follow-up
*Atienza et al 2009	DFmax ≥20% of its surroundings	Paroxysmal (32) and Persistent (18) AF.	DFmax + CPVI	Independent predictors of freedom of AF were ablation of DFmax sites and paroxysmal AF.	PV-PLAW, LA, CS, RA	9.3 ± 5.4 months
§Atienza et al 2014	DFmax ≥20% of its surroundings	Paroxysmal (115) and Persistent (117) AF	CPVI only HFSA only CPVI + HFSA	Freedom was seen in 79% of CPVI and 81% of HFSA in paroxysmal AF, and in 65% of CPVI and 69% of CPVI + HFSA in persistent AF patients at 1 year.	LA, CS, RA	12 months
*Kumagai et al 2013	DF ≥ 8Hz with RI >0.2	Paroxysmal (23) AF, Persistent (9) AF and Longstanding Persistent (18) AF.	PVI PVI + DF PVI + DF + CFAE	AF terminated by ablation at high-DF sites (9.9 ± 0.7 Hz) in 11 of 18 patients.	LA, RA, CS	12 months
**Verma et al 2011	Group I: DF ≥ 8Hz with RI >0.2 Group II: DF higher than the mean atrial DF with RI >0.2	Persistent (80) AF	CFAE-based DF + PVAI Control PVAI	After 1 year, DF + PVAI resulted in freedom in 17/30 patients (57%) off antiarrhythmic therapy after 1 procedure.	LA	12 ± 2 months