Fig. 1.

Effect of gestational exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) on maternal and offspring body weight gain. A. Body weight of pregnant guinea pigs measured immediately before their daily s.c. injection with peanut oil (PO, n = 13) or CPF (25 mg/kg/day, n = 15) starting on approximate GD53-55. B. Age of offspring at the beginning of behavioral testing. Data analyzed using the random ANOVA model originated from 26 male offspring (1–4/litter) and 29 female offspring (2–4/litter) of 13 PO-exposed sows and from 37 male offspring (1–4/litter) and 25 female offspring (0–4/litter) of 15 CPF-exposed sows. C. Body weight of offspring during open field testing (days 1–3), water maze training (days 8–13), and probe tests (days 15–16). Data in graph C excluded 7 offspring that could not swim in the MWM (2 PO-exposed males, 4 CPF-exposed males, and 1 CPF-exposed female). In all graphs, data are presented as mean ± SEM. According to the post-hoc Tukey-Kramer test: * p < 0.05 PO males vs. PO females; †p < 0.05 CPF males vs. CPF females.